Struttura Organizzativa: Vero o Falso

Vertical differentiation refers to the hierarchy in an organisation

Weber’s theory on Ideal Bureaucracy is an example of a prescriptive theory

Span of control refers to the number of employees a manager supervises directly and indirectly.

Rules and procedures take discretion out of individual managers’ hands

Legal-rational authority was a conceptualization of power relations introduced by Fayol

Weber is one of the founders of the General Management Theory

The Machine Bureaucracy of Mintzberg is characterized by a strict horizontal differentiation (task division)

Fayol believed in the universal character of management

Red tape and the bureaucratic personality show that bureaucracy is a double-edged sword

Substantive rationality refers to the most technically rational way to achieve the organizational goals

Impersonal fairness is an important feature of the rational organisation

Google is an example of what Mintzberg calls ‘adhocracy’

The Iron Cage is a metaphor for being trapped in systems based purely on efficiency, rational calculation and control

‘Work to rule’ means that employees interpret and bend the rules where necessary

Legal-rational authority means that the office you hold gives authority/power

Statement Answer Explanation A slight horizontal task division has the advantage that the tasks can be easily automated.

Rules and procedures, such as working hours, holidays, sick pay, pension entitlements etc. take discretion out of individual managers’ hands Discretion = the freedom to decide what should be done in a particular situation. Page 45

Standardization was Taylor’s answer to soldiering.

Taylor’s ideas about rational work design gained permanent ground during the World Wars.

The assembly line made mass production and mass consumption possible.

The reason why Henry Ford introduced his famous pay raise is contested.

Karl Marx developed his theory during the second industrial revolution.

Marxism is a conflict theory.

The enclosure acts created legal property rights to land that was previously considered common.

'Work has become an individual economic transaction' is an example of alienation from other humans.

Technological deskilling means that the overall knowledge of the production process is taken away from the workers.

Contingency Theory states that there is ‘one best way’ to design an organization.

The PEST model is a tool organisations can use for an internal analysis.

The post-bureaucratic organizational design breaks with the unity of command.

In Amazon warehouses piece rates are used as a means of control.

Planned obsolescence is the same as 'designed for the dump'.

Neo-Fordism is characterized by a slight horizontal and slight vertical division of labour.

The Third Industrial Revolution’s management techniques are characterized by classical bureaucracy and rational production.

According to Ritzer, McDonaldization has four characteristics.

Value engineering is a rationalized business model used in the tourism industry.

The key technologies of the Fourth Industrial Revolution are digital technology, electronics and IT.

A monopsony refers to a market dominated by a single seller of goods and services.

In the gig economy, workers get the control back over the means of production.

A 'clickworker' is a cloud-based category of gig economy work.

Cook is a job that is mostly to be computerized by 2040.

Weber's theory on power is part of the 'power as structure' perspective.

Weber's legal-rational authority is the same as legitimate power (French & Raven framework).

Our current production system is based on the externalization of costs.

Elton Mayo is founding father of Taylorism

The Hawthorne studies changed the view on how people should be managed

The first experiments of the Hawthorne studies were on how physical conditions could improve employee output

"There is a harmony of interest between workers and managers", comes from: Taylor, Mayo or Marx

The results of the Hawthorne studies are replicable

The claim that Mayo discovered the 'social person' is contested

Mayo’s contribution to OB is also known as industrial democracy

A group (of people) and a team are basically the same

The Belbin role questionnaire does not provide reliable/valid results

Group norms are the agreed norms that are decided on by management

Conformity is a normal phenomenon in teamwork

A diverse group is more likely to be affected by groupthink

The iceberg metaphor can be used to describe and analyse culture

According to Edgar Schein, jargon and humour are examples of the cultural level of the basic assumptions

The success of Japanese companies in the 1980s is one of the reasons that culture became important instrument for managers

The HAS paradigm sees culture as an instrument to make organizations more successful

A power culture has a strict horizontal differentiation and a slight vertical differentiation

According to Handy, an organizational culture is product of the environment in which the organization operates

The machine bureaucracy has a role culture

The IS paradigm fits in the rational management tradition

The IS paradigm has its roots in anthropology

According to the model of Schein, the basic assumptions can be easily studied/observed

The nomothetic approach sees personality as static and fixed; our personalities are genetic

An unexpected reward impacts intrinsic motivation more positively than an expected one

The MBTI personality type model defines 3 different personality indices

The predictive validity of an unstructured interview is even worse than the predictive validity of personality type tests

The halo/horns effect is an example of a problem due to interpersonal perception in selection

The nomothetic approach states that the workplace plays a part in shaping people's personality

The use of big data reduces the possibility for unconscious bias and therefore promotes impersonal fairness

Which selection method has highest predictive validity:

Good working conditions is an example of an intrinsic motivator

Behaviourist theories on motivation are based on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

Content theories on motivation try to identify the specific factors that shape motivation

The Goal Setting Theory can encourage unethical behaviour

Psychological theories on motivation cannot fully explain why we work

The concept of banking education is a critique on the cognitive learning theory

Double loop learning is basically the same as incremental improvements

Tacit to tacit knowledge transfer is known as:

The ‘glass ceiling’ is a metaphor for structural barriers to advancement for identity groups

The naïve approach to change sees change as being part of daily reality of an organization

Unfreezing is a stage in Lewin’s model for organizational change