Struggle for Supremacy in India (1500-1713)
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Questions and Answers

What year did the Portuguese establish their first factory in Calicut?

1500

What strategic location did the Portuguese make their Naval Base in 1510?

Goa

What did the Portuguese achieve in 1515 that gave them a dominant position in the Indian Ocean trade?

Monopoly

List at least three regions the Portuguese occupied by 1559.

<p>Goa, Daman, Diu, Bassein</p> Signup and view all the answers

What historical period saw the establishment of the first Portuguese factory in Calicut?

<p>1500 - 1605</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the Portuguese's main targets of attack in India?

<p>Portuguese colonial possessions in India</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why was Goa chosen as the Portuguese Naval Base?

<p>Its strategic location and harbor made it ideal for naval operations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main advantage the Portuguese had in gaining control of trade routes in the Indian ocean?

<p>Their superior naval power</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might be considered a long-term impact of Portuguese influence on India?

<p>Introduction of European trade practices and the establishment of colonial settlements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary geographic area where the English and Dutch clashed in the 17th century?

<p>The Malaya Archipelago.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What key event in 1623 escalated tensions between the English and Dutch?

<p>The Dutch massacre of 10 Englishmen in Amboyna, Indonesia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the period of continuous warfare between the English and Dutch?

<p>1623 to 1667.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What key decision did the English and Dutch make in 1667 to resolve their conflict?

<p>They agreed to compromise.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main agreement reached in the 1667 compromise between the English and Dutch?

<p>The English agreed to not interfere with Dutch activities in the Malaya Archipelago, while the Dutch agreed to not interfere with English activities in India.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the first English factory in India?

<p>Surat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which year did the English establish the Madras Presidency?

<ol start="1652"> <li></li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Name four other important cities in India where the English established factories besides Surat and Masulipatnam.

<p>Agra, Broach, Ahmedabad, and Balasore.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the timeline breakdown - 1500-1605, 1605-1667, 1667-1713, 1713-1741, and After 1741?

<p>This breakdown represents key periods in the relationship between the English and Dutch in India and the Malaya Archipelago, marking shifts in their interactions, conflicts, and agreements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the timeline and information provided, what was the overall impact of the 1667 compromise on the relationship between the English and Dutch?

<p>The 1667 compromise led to a period of relative peace and reduced direct conflict, allowing both powers to focus on their respective territories and trade interests.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the most important outcome of the struggle for supremacy among the European powers in India after 1713?

<p>The English established significant strongholds with the Bombay and Calcutta Presidencies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happened to the Dutch company's presence in India around 1713?

<p>The Dutch company effectively ceased to be a major competitor in India due to several factors, including agreements with the English and internal struggles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the key strategic locations that were abandoned by the Dutch during their decline in India?

<p>Surat and Masulipatnam were key trading centers that were abandoned by the Dutch.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What year did the Dutch capture Pondicherry, a key French settlement in India?

<p>The Dutch captured Pondicherry in 1693.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significant agreement reached between the Dutch and the English that led to the Dutch decline in India?

<p>The agreement was that the Dutch would not interfere with English trading activities in India.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact did the establishment of the Bombay and Calcutta Presidencies have on the English presence in India?

<p>They significantly expanded the English influence and power in India, setting the stage for their eventual dominance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main factor that contributed to the Dutch company's loss of its competitive edge in India?

<p>The Dutch company struggled to effectively compete with the English, particularly after agreeing not to interfere with their activities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the timeframe of 1713 -1741 in the text indicate a shift in the European power dynamics in India?

<p>This period marks the decline of the Dutch and the rise of the English dominance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What key locations were important in the competition between the European powers for supremacy in India?

<p>Surat, Masulipatnam, and Pondicherry were critical locations in the rivalry for control of trade and territory in India.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the phrase 'Struggle for Supremacy' tell us about the European presence in India during the period mentioned in the text?

<p>It indicates a highly competitive environment, with European powers vying for dominance in the region, seeking to control trade and resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Benoit Dumas known for during his tenure as the French Governor of Pondicherry?

<p>Benoit Dumas was known for opening new factories at Kassimbazar and Balasore, which strengthened French influence in India.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the policy shift that occurred in French strategy after 1741.

<p>After 1741, the French shifted their policy to actively engage in the conflicts of Indian Kingdoms for political benefits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify the wars mentioned in the document regarding the struggle for supremacy in India.

<p>The First Carnatic War, the Second Carnatic War, and the Third Carnatic War are mentioned regarding the struggle for supremacy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which time period did Benoit Dumas serve as Governor of Pondicherry?

<p>Benoit Dumas served as Governor of Pondicherry from 1735 to 1740.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a primary focus of the French in India during the early 18th century?

<p>The French focused on establishing profitable trade routes and strengthening their presence in India.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the significance of the Carnatic Wars for European powers in India.

<p>The Carnatic Wars were significant as they represented the competition between European powers, like the French and British, for dominance in India.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary target of the Dutch attacks in India during the period of 1500 to 1605?

<p>The Dutch primarily targeted the Portuguese colonial possessions in India.</p> Signup and view all the answers

By what year had the Portuguese's control diminished to only Goa, Daman, Diu, and Bassein?

<p>By the end of 1663, the Portuguese were left with control over Goa, Daman, Diu, and Bassein.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant change occurred in the possession of Portuguese forts on the Malabar Coast during the early 1600s?

<p>The Dutch acquired all the Portuguese forts on the Malabar Coast.</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the period from 1605 to 1667, which European power posed a serious challenge to Portuguese dominance?

<p>The Dutch posed a serious challenge to Portuguese dominance during this period.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the state of the Portuguese by the end of the 17th century in India?

<p>The Portuguese were in miserable condition and lost most of their territorial control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What time period marks the beginning of intensified rivalry among colonial powers in India?

<p>The rivalry intensified starting from 1500.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify one colonial possession that remained under the control of the Portuguese by the end of 1663.

<p>Goa remained under Portuguese control by the end of 1663.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which major European colonial power was responsible for the attack on Portuguese possessions in the early 1600s?

<p>The Dutch were responsible for the attack on Portuguese possessions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the status of Portuguese colonial power change from 1500 to 1663?

<p>The status of Portuguese colonial power declined from being dominant to losing most of their territories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the three main colonial possessions the Portuguese retained by the end of 1663?

<p>The Portuguese retained control over Goa, Daman, and Diu.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Struggle for Supremacy in India

  • Early Period (1500-1605): Portugal established the first factory in Calicut in 1500. In 1510, they established Goa as their naval base. By 1515, the Portuguese controlled the Indian Ocean. Further, by 1559, Portugal occupied Goa, Daman, Diu, and Bassein. Their main target of attack were Portuguese colonial possessions.

Rivalry Intensifies (1605-1667)

  • Portuguese Decline: By 1663, Portugal controlled only Goa, Daman, Diu, and Bassein. They were in a deteriorated condition and facing competition from other European powers.
  • Dutch Arrival: The Dutch East India Company arrived in 1605 and focused on attacking Portuguese territories in India.

Continuing Rivalry (1667-1713)

  • Dutch Expansion: The Dutch established many factories in India, including Surat (which was their first factory), Agra, Broach, Masulipatnam, Ahmedabad, and Balasore. They established the Madras Presidency in 1652.
  • Portuguese Weakness: The Dutch were successful in conquering Portuguese forts along the Malabar Coast.

Shifting Power Dynamics (1713-1741)

  • British Competition: The British East India Company emerged as a major player in India, competing with the Dutch and the French.
  • French Involvement: The French also established factories in India. Factories at Surat and Masulipatnam were abandoned due to the Dutch and British competition. Pondicherry was captured by the Dutch in 1693.
  • Carnatic Wars: Conflicts between the British and the French, known as the Carnatic Wars, unfolded in India.

After 1741

  • British Domination: The British East India Company gradually gained dominance in India after 1741, becoming the most powerful amongst the European competitors.
  • Dutch Decline: The Dutch lost prominence in India and focused more on areas like the Malay Archipelago.
  • French Competition: French factories in India, like Pondicherry, were captured or abandoned, weakening French presence.

Malay Archipelago

  • Dutch-English Conflicts: In 1623, Dutch forces massacred English people at Amboyna. Continuous conflict between the English and the Dutch continued until the compromise of 1667.
  • Compromise: The Dutch and English agreed to avoid interfering in each other's territories.
  • Shifting focus: The Dutch concentrated on trade in Indonesia.

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Struggle for Supremacy PDF

Description

Explore the dynamic rivalry for control in India from the arrival of the Portuguese in 1500 to the Dutch expansions by 1713. Learn about the decline of Portuguese power and the strategic maneuvers of rival European nations. This quiz covers key events and territorial changes in this historic struggle.

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