Podcast
Questions and Answers
______ are very flexible materials, such as newspaper and cloth.
______ are very flexible materials, such as newspaper and cloth.
Woven or knit
A structure is only stable if the ______ is directly above the base point of balance.
A structure is only stable if the ______ is directly above the base point of balance.
center of gravity
______ is the science of designing helpful tools, structures and systems that are easy for humans to use.
______ is the science of designing helpful tools, structures and systems that are easy for humans to use.
Ergonomics
The lower to the ground a structure's mass is concentrated the more ______ it is.
The lower to the ground a structure's mass is concentrated the more ______ it is.
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A structure is something with a definite ______ and size.
A structure is something with a definite ______ and size.
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The ______ of a structure refers to what it is used for.
The ______ of a structure refers to what it is used for.
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A ______ force is a push or pull that causes movement or a change in shape.
A ______ force is a push or pull that causes movement or a change in shape.
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______ loads are forces on a building, such as people and furniture.
______ loads are forces on a building, such as people and furniture.
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______ is the pulling force on a structure.
______ is the pulling force on a structure.
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______ is the amount of force applied to the structure.
______ is the amount of force applied to the structure.
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The amount of matter in an object is its ______.
The amount of matter in an object is its ______.
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______ is the force exerted by gravity on an object's mass.
______ is the force exerted by gravity on an object's mass.
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Study Notes
Basic Structures
- Structures are defined by having a definite shape and size
- Form refers to the shape of a structure
- Function describes the purpose of a structure
Forms of Structures
- Solid: Made of one or more solid pieces (e.g., bones)
- Frame: A framework of connected parts like bars or beams (e.g., human body)
- Shell: A panel or interconnected panels, often for protection or containment (e.g., turtle shell)
Forces and Structures
- Force: A push or pull that causes movement or alters shape; creates stress on objects
- Magnitude: The size of a force
- Fatigue: Weakening of a structure due to repeated stress
- Failure: Breakdown of a structure due to excessive stress or fatigue
External Forces
- Forces acting on a structure from outside
Loads
- Dead Loads: Constant, permanent forces on a structure (e.g., weight of the building materials)
- Live Loads: Variable forces on a structure (e.g., people, furniture, vehicles)
Internal Forces
- Compression: A pushing force; structures must support the weight of occupants and themselves.
- Tension: A pulling force; structures must withstand pulling forces.
- Shear: A cutting force; different parts of structures are pressed in different directions.
- Torsion: A twisting force; structures must resist twists from movement.
Amount of Force on an Object
- Magnitude: The amount of force applied.
- Point of Application: The exact location of force application.
- Direction: The line along which the force acts.
Mass and Weight
- Mass: The amount of matter in an object (measured in kg, g, lbs). Mass remains constant.
- Weight: The force of gravity acting on an object's mass (measured in Newtons, lbs). Weight varies based on gravity.
Structural Efficiency
- Comparing the weight supported (grams) to the weight of the structure (grams).
Function, Shape, and Material
- Function: Purpose of the structure (spanning a gap, withstanding wind, supporting vehicles).
- Shape: Structure's shape influences its ability to withstand forces.
- Material: Key factor in a structure's strength and properties.
Material Properties
- Concrete and Iron Rods: Concrete resists compression, iron resists tension.
- Layered Materials: Combine different properties for strength and functionality (e.g., juice boxes).
- Woven or Knit Materials: Flexible materials (e.g., cloth, newspaper).
Joining Technology
- Joints: Where structural parts connect; critical in structural integrity.
- Mobile Joints: Allow movement within a structure.
- Rigid Joints: Prevent movement.
- Joints are often the weakest part of a structure.
Center of Gravity
- Center of Gravity: The point where the structure's mass is concentrated.
- Stability: Keeping a structure in place. A low center of gravity generally increases stability.
- Regular vs. Irregular Objects: Center of gravity differs based on shape.
Orthographic Drawings
- Drawings used to illustrate structures. Essential to specify dimensions accurately and clearly.
Ergonomics
- Designing tools and structures to facilitate human interaction.
Other Definitions
- Truss: A framework of rafters, posts, and struts.
- Beam: A long, sturdy piece of wood across an opening.
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Description
This quiz covers the basic concepts of structures, including their shapes, forms, and the forces acting upon them. Understand solid, frame, and shell structures, as well as the effects of dead and live loads. Test your knowledge on how these elements interact within engineering principles.
