Structured Programming Concepts
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Questions and Answers

What is the main goal of the programmer according to the text?

  • Maximize code clarity and output clarity
  • Minimize effort and minimize program size
  • Write simple and easy-to-read programs with few bugs (correct)
  • Develop programs quickly without considering productivity

    • Which programming principle focuses on the simplification of program structure?

  • Minimize Memory
  • Structured Programming (correct)
  • Maximize Output Clarity
  • Maximize Code Clarity

    • What is the static structure of a program according to Structured Programming principles?

  • Execution order of statements
  • Correctness of the program
  • Dynamic behavior of the program
  • Ordering of statements in the code (correct)

    • What is the dynamic structure of a program according to Structured Programming?

    <p>Execution order of statements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be shown to demonstrate the correctness of a program as per Structured Programming principles?

    <p>Dynamic behavior is as expected</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When did structured programming originate?

    <p>1970s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of coding according to the text?

    <p>To make the job of testers and maintainers easier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important for code to be easy to read according to the text?

    <p>For debugging and extending purposes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Weinberg experiment demonstrate about setting clear goals for coding?

    <p>Having clear objectives helps achieve them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of structured programming?

    <p>To develop programs whose dynamic structure matches the static structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor should coding aim to reduce according to the text?

    <p>Maintainability costs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be the focus when writing code according to the text?

    <p>Maximizing output clarity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to have a closer correspondence between dynamic and static structures in programming?

    <p>To simplify the understanding of dynamic behavior using static structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of giving different goals to programmers in the Weinberg experiment?

    <p>Final programs generally satisfied the given criteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of constructs are recommended in structured programming for achieving objectives?

    <p>Single-entry-single-exit constructs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should structured constructs have a clear behavior in programming?

    <p>To simplify the composition of behaviors in programs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does structured programming play in formal verification of programs?

    <p>It helps simplify and facilitate formal verification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of information hiding in software solutions?

    <p>Restricting certain operations on information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formal specification required for the program implementation?

    <p>Rules for interpreting the program</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of metrics for size, what does Halstead's Volume measure?

    <p>The complexity based on control flow graph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which metric is generally used to represent a program by its control flow graph?

    <p>Cyclomatic Complexity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Cyclomatic Complexity measure in a program?

    <p>Number of linearly independent cycles in the graph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is Cyclomatic Complexity calculated based on the number of nodes (n) and edges (e) in the control graph?

    <p>$en$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of a program does Halstead's Volume indicate by its formula $V = N imes log_2(n)$?

    <p>Vocabulary length</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference in the order of activities between Test Driven Development (TDD) and traditional coding?

    <p>In TDD, test scripts are written before the code, whereas in traditional coding, the code is written first.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of Test Driven Development (TDD) in terms of maintaining code quality?

    <p>TDD ensures that all functionality is covered by the test cases, leaving no room for incomplete code.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Test Driven Development (TDD) affect the focus during the coding process?

    <p>TDD shifts the focus to writing test cases first, whereas traditional coding focuses on immediate code implementation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Pair Programming from individual programming in terms of designing code components?

    <p>In Pair Programming, two programmers collaborate to design algorithms and data structures together, unlike individual programming where only one person designs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential downside of Test Driven Development (TDD) mentioned in the text?

    <p>Special cases for which test cases are not possible might get overlooked in TDD.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Pair Programming aim to achieve in terms of coding practices?

    <p>Pair Programming emphasizes code quality through continuous peer review and feedback.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Goals of Programming

    • The main goal of programming is to create clear, efficient, and maintainable code.
    • Coding aims to reduce complexity in programs to enhance readability and maintainability.

    Programming Principles

    • Structured Programming focuses on simplifying program structure through clear control flows.
    • Static structure refers to the organization of code that does not change during execution, including functions and data structure arrangements.
    • Dynamic structure concerns how the program operates at runtime, such as function calls and the flow of execution.

    Correctness and Verification

    • To demonstrate program correctness, structured programming principles require formal proofs or tests.
    • Structured programming originated in the 1960s, promoting disciplined coding methodologies.

    Readability and Clarity

    • Code must be easy to read, which simplifies debugging and collaboration among programmers.
    • The Weinberg experiment illustrated that setting clear, specific goals leads to more productive programming practices.

    Objectives of Structured Programming

    • The main goal of structured programming is to enhance code clarity and reduce logical errors through structured control constructs.
    • Coding should aim to minimize unpredictability and complexity.

    Dynamic and Static Structure Alignment

    • Closer correspondence between dynamic and static structures aids in maintaining program integrity and predictability.

    Programming Constructs

    • Structured programming recommends using constructs like sequences, selections, and iterations to achieve coding objectives.
    • Clear behavior in structured constructs is vital for understanding and maintaining code.

    Formal Verification

    • Structured programming contributes to formal verification by systematically proving program correctness through defined specifications.

    Metrics in Programming

    • Halstead's Volume measures program size and complexity based on operator and operand counts.
    • Cyclomatic Complexity is used to quantify the number of linearly independent paths in a program, essential for understanding complexity.
    • Cyclomatic Complexity calculates using the formula V(G) = E - N + 2P, where E is edges, N is nodes, and P is the number of connected components in the graph.

    Test Driven Development (TDD)

    • TDD reverses traditional coding practices by emphasizing test creation before code implementation.
    • A key aspect of TDD is maintaining code quality through rigorous testing procedures.
    • TDD refocuses developers during the coding process on achieving test outcomes rather than merely writing functional code.

    Pair Programming

    • Pair Programming contrasts with individual programming by fostering collaborative design and instant feedback on code components.
    • A potential downside of TDD is the initial time investment required to create tests, which may slow early development.
    • Pair Programming aims to improve coding practices through collaboration, sharing knowledge, and reducing errors.

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    Description

    Learn about the concepts behind structured programming, where the dynamic behavior of a program mirrors its static structure. Understand how statements are executed in the order they are written in the code. Explore the goal of writing programs with a close correspondence between dynamic and static structures.

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