BST, Hash Tables & Dynamic Programming

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Questions and Answers

In a binary search tree, how do the values within the left subtree relate to the value of the parent node?

  • They are always less than the node's value. (correct)
  • They are always greater than the node's value.
  • They are always less than or equal to the node's value.
  • They are always equal to the node's value.

What is the time complexity of searching for a specific node within a balanced Binary Search Tree (BST)?

  • O(1)
  • O(n^2)
  • O(n)
  • O(log n) (correct)

When a new node is inserted into a Binary Search Tree (BST), where is it positioned?

  • It always becomes a leaf node. (correct)
  • It can be inserted anywhere depending on the tree's structure.
  • It always becomes the root node.
  • It always becomes an internal node.

What is the average-case time complexity for searching in a well-implemented Hash Table?

<p>O(1) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a standard application of Binary Search Trees (BSTs)?

<p>Priority queue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Dynamic programming relies on which of the following principles?

<p>Overlapping subproblems (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following problems is efficiently solved using dynamic programming techniques?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In comparison to recursion, what is a typical characteristic of dynamic programming?

<p>Both a and b (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the practice of storing the results of computationally intensive function calls for later use?

<p>Memoization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What steps are typically involved in dynamic programming?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the worst-case time complexity for searching in a Binary Search Tree (BST)?

<p>O(N) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which traversal method of a Binary Search Tree (BST) yields elements in a sorted order?

<p>Inorder (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the time complexity of calculating Fibonacci numbers using recursion with memoization?

<p>O(N) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which problem is best solved using Dynamic Programming?

<p>0/1 Knapsack (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following problems demonstrates both overlapping subproblems and optimal substructure, making it suitable for dynamic programming?

<p>Fibonacci Series (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of Binary Search Trees (BSTs), what is the significance of balancing a tree?

<p>To minimize the height of the tree, improving search efficiency. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When implementing dynamic programming, what is the primary difference between the memoization (top-down) and tabulation (bottom-up) approaches?

<p>Memoization stores results of function calls, while tabulation builds a table iteratively. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the use of hashing impact the efficiency of searching for data in large datasets compared to using a Binary Search Tree (BST)?

<p>Hashing offers potentially faster average-case search but requires more memory. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In dynamic programming, what is meant by the term 'optimal substructure'?

<p>An optimal solution to the problem contains optimal solutions to its subproblems. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios would be most suitable for applying dynamic programming rather than a greedy algorithm?

<p>Determining the optimal sequence of decisions to maximize profit over time, considering future impacts. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Left Subtree Value

In a binary search tree, each node in the left subtree has a value less than its parent node.

Balanced BST Search Time

Searching for a node in a balanced Binary Search Tree (BST) has a time complexity of O(log n).

BST Insertion Point

When a new node is inserted into a Binary Search Tree (BST), it is always inserted as a leaf node.

Hash Table Search Time

A well-implemented Hash Table has an average-case time complexity of O(1) for search.

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BSTs and Priority Queues

Binary search trees are not typically used for implementing priority queues.

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Dynamic Programming Basis

Dynamic programming relies on the principle of overlapping subproblems.

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Problems Solved by DP

Dynamic programming can efficiently solve the problem of finding the shortest path in a graph, the knapsack problem, and calculating the Fibonacci sequence.

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DP vs. Recursion

Dynamic programming typically reduces time complexity and increases space complexity compared to recursion.

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Memoization

Memoization stores the results of expensive function calls for later use.

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Dynamic Programming Steps

The typical steps in dynamic programming involve identifying base cases, defining the recursive relation, and optimizing by storing results.

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BST Worst-Case Search

The worst-case time complexity of searching in a Binary Search Tree (BST) is O(N).

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BST Inorder Traversal

Inorder traversal of a BST gives elements in sorted order.

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Fibonacci with Memoization

Calculating Fibonacci numbers using recursion with memoization has a time complexity of O(N).

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0/1 Knapsack Solution

The 0/1 Knapsack problem is best solved using Dynamic Programming.

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Fibonacci DP Example

Fibonacci Series is a classical example that exhibits overlapping subproblems and optimal substructure.

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Study Notes

  • In a binary search tree, each node in the left subtree has a value less than the node's value.
  • Searching for a node in a balanced BST has a time complexity of O(log n).
  • When inserting a new node into a BST, it is always inserted as a leaf node.
  • A well-implemented Hash Table has an average-case time complexity for search of O(1).
  • Binary search trees are not typically used as priority queues.
  • Dynamic programming relies on the principle of overlapping subproblems.
  • Dynamic programming can efficiently solve finding the shortest path in a graph, the knapsack problem, and Fibonacci sequences.
  • Dynamic programming typically reduces time complexity but increases space complexity compared to recursion.
  • Storing results of expensive function calls for later use is called memoization.
  • The steps in dynamic programming are identifying the base cases, defining the recursive relation, and optimizing by storing results.
  • The worst-case time complexity of searching in a Binary Search Tree (BST) is O(N).
  • Inorder traversal of a BST gives elements in sorted order.
  • Calculating Fibonacci numbers using recursion with memoization has a time complexity of O(N).
  • The 0/1 Knapsack problem is best solved using Dynamic Programming.
  • Fibonacci Series problems exhibit overlapping subproblems and optimal substructure.

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