18 Questions
Which part of the brain is divided into the midbrain, pons, and medulla?
Brain stem
What is the primary function of afferent neurons?
To carry information into the Central Nervous System
Which of the following is NOT a part of the Central Nervous System?
Ganglia
What is the term for the embryonic structure that develops into the cerebrum?
Forebrain
What is the primary function of spinal nerve roots?
To transmit information into the Central Nervous System
What is the characteristic of the distal parts of nerves?
They are microscopic
What is the main difference between the cranial nerves and the spinal nerves?
Cranial nerves exit the skull, while spinal nerves exit the spinal cord
Which part of the brain is NOT a part of the brain stem?
Cerebellum
What is the function of the somas of neurons in the Peripheral Nervous System?
To integrate information and generate responses
What is the characteristic of the proximal parts of nerves?
They are visible to the naked eye
Which of the following is NOT a part of the brain?
Ganglia
What is the main difference between efferent neurons and afferent neurons?
Efferent neurons carry information away from the CNS, while afferent neurons carry information into the CNS
What is the main function of the Peripheral Nervous System?
To transmit information between the CNS and the rest of the body
What is the term for the nerves that exit the skull?
Cranial nerves
Which part of the brain is divided into left and right cerebral hemispheres?
Cerebrum
What is the main function of ganglia in the Peripheral Nervous System?
To contain the somas of neurons
What is the embryonic structure that develops into the pons, medulla, and cerebellum?
Hindbrain
What is the characteristic of nerves as they travel from their proximal origin to their distal ends?
They branch repeatedly
Study Notes
Structure of the Nervous System
- The nervous system is divided into two main structural parts: the Central Nervous System (CNS) and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
- The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord
- The brain is divided into several parts, including:
- Cerebrum (largest part of the brain, divided into left and right cerebral hemispheres)
- Brain stem (connects the cerebrum to the spinal cord, divided into midbrain, pons, and medulla)
- Cerebellum (located behind the brain stem)
Brain Development
- Brain structures are referred to by their embryonic names:
- Forebrain (becomes cerebrum)
- Midbrain (becomes midbrain)
- Hindbrain (becomes pons, medulla, and cerebellum)
Peripheral Nervous System
- Consists of two types of structures: nerves and ganglia
- Nerves are long stringy structures that carry axons of neurons
- Ganglia are lumps attached to nerves, containing the somas of neurons
- Peripheral nervous system is divided into:
- Cranial nerves (exit the skull)
- Spinal nerves (exit the spinal cord)
Nerve Types
- Afferent neurons (carry information into the CNS)
- Efferent neurons (carry information away from the CNS)
Nerve Structure
- Spinal nerves form from spinal nerve roots (afferent neurons in the back, efferent neurons in the front)
- Nerves branch repeatedly as they travel from their proximal origin to their distal ends
- Proximal parts of nerves are visible to the naked eye, while distal parts become microscopic
Structure of the Nervous System
- The nervous system is composed of two main parts: Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
- CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord
- Brain is divided into cerebrum, brain stem, and cerebellum
- Cerebrum is the largest part of the brain, divided into left and right cerebral hemispheres
- Brain stem connects the cerebrum to the spinal cord, divided into midbrain, pons, and medulla
- Cerebellum is located behind the brain stem
Brain Development
- Forebrain develops into cerebrum
- Midbrain develops into midbrain
- Hindbrain develops into pons, medulla, and cerebellum
Peripheral Nervous System
- Consists of nerves and ganglia
- Nerves are long stringy structures carrying axons of neurons
- Ganglia are lumps attached to nerves, containing somas of neurons
- PNS is divided into cranial nerves and spinal nerves
- Cranial nerves exit the skull
- Spinal nerves exit the spinal cord
Nerve Types
- Afferent neurons carry information into the CNS
- Efferent neurons carry information away from the CNS
Nerve Structure
- Spinal nerves form from spinal nerve roots
- Afferent neurons are located in the back of spinal nerve roots, efferent neurons in the front
- Nerves branch repeatedly from proximal origin to distal ends
- Proximal parts of nerves are visible to the naked eye, distal parts become microscopic
Structure of the Nervous System
- The nervous system is composed of two main parts: Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
- CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord
- Brain is divided into cerebrum, brain stem, and cerebellum
- Cerebrum is the largest part of the brain, divided into left and right cerebral hemispheres
- Brain stem connects the cerebrum to the spinal cord, divided into midbrain, pons, and medulla
- Cerebellum is located behind the brain stem
Brain Development
- Forebrain develops into cerebrum
- Midbrain develops into midbrain
- Hindbrain develops into pons, medulla, and cerebellum
Peripheral Nervous System
- Consists of nerves and ganglia
- Nerves are long stringy structures carrying axons of neurons
- Ganglia are lumps attached to nerves, containing somas of neurons
- PNS is divided into cranial nerves and spinal nerves
- Cranial nerves exit the skull
- Spinal nerves exit the spinal cord
Nerve Types
- Afferent neurons carry information into the CNS
- Efferent neurons carry information away from the CNS
Nerve Structure
- Spinal nerves form from spinal nerve roots
- Afferent neurons are located in the back of spinal nerve roots, efferent neurons in the front
- Nerves branch repeatedly from proximal origin to distal ends
- Proximal parts of nerves are visible to the naked eye, distal parts become microscopic
Structure of the Nervous System
- The nervous system is composed of two main parts: Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
- CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord
- Brain is divided into cerebrum, brain stem, and cerebellum
- Cerebrum is the largest part of the brain, divided into left and right cerebral hemispheres
- Brain stem connects the cerebrum to the spinal cord, divided into midbrain, pons, and medulla
- Cerebellum is located behind the brain stem
Brain Development
- Forebrain develops into cerebrum
- Midbrain develops into midbrain
- Hindbrain develops into pons, medulla, and cerebellum
Peripheral Nervous System
- Consists of nerves and ganglia
- Nerves are long stringy structures carrying axons of neurons
- Ganglia are lumps attached to nerves, containing somas of neurons
- PNS is divided into cranial nerves and spinal nerves
- Cranial nerves exit the skull
- Spinal nerves exit the spinal cord
Nerve Types
- Afferent neurons carry information into the CNS
- Efferent neurons carry information away from the CNS
Nerve Structure
- Spinal nerves form from spinal nerve roots
- Afferent neurons are located in the back of spinal nerve roots, efferent neurons in the front
- Nerves branch repeatedly from proximal origin to distal ends
- Proximal parts of nerves are visible to the naked eye, distal parts become microscopic
Learn about the main parts of the nervous system, including the Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System, and the different regions of the brain.
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