Structure of the Eye Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

How many layers does the eye have?

Three layers

What are the three layers of the eye?

The sclera, the choroid layer, and the retina.

Which layer is the sclera?

The outermost layer.

How many functions does the sclera have?

<p>Two.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of the sclera?

<p>A protective layer and maintaining the shape of the eye.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the physical features of the sclera.

<p>White and fibrous, with a clear, bulging cornea at the front.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cornea?

<p>Transparent part of the sclera that protects the eye and refracts light.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many functions does the cornea have?

<p>Two.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of the cornea?

<p>Protects the eye and refracts light toward the pupil.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the cornea require?

<p>Oxygen and nutrients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cornea not supplied with?

<p>Blood vessels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What would happen if there were blood vessels in the cornea?

<p>It would cloud the transparent cornea.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is oxygen absorbed into the cornea?

<p>From gases dissolved in tears.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are nutrients supplied from for the cornea?

<p>The aqueous humour.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the aqueous humour?

<p>Watery liquid that protects the lens and supplies the cornea with nutrients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What form is the aqueous humour in?

<p>A transparent fluid in a chamber behind the cornea.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the second/middle layer of the eye called?

<p>The choroid layer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the choroid layer contain?

<p>Blood vessels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is towards the front of the choroid layer?

<p>The iris.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the iris composed of?

<p>A thin circular muscle that controls the size of the pupil.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the lens do?

<p>Focuses the image on the retina.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are the lens located?

<p>Immediately behind the iris.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are the ciliary muscles located?

<p>Attached to ligaments suspended from the dorsal and ventral ends of the lens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do the ciliary muscles do?

<p>Alter the shape of the lens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The large chamber behind the lens is called the __________.

<p>Vitreous Humour</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the vitreous humour contain?

<p>Cloudy, jelly-like material.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the vitreous humour do?

<p>Maintains the shape of the eyeball and permits light transmission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the vitreous humour move light?

<p>To the retina.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the innermost layer of the eye called?

<p>The retina.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many different layers does the retina comprise?

<p>Four layers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the four layers the retina comprises?

<p>Pigmented epithelium, light-sensitive cells, bipolar cells, and cells of the optic nerve.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the pigmented epithelium lie?

<p>Between the choroid layer and the light-sensitive cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do the pigmented granules in the pigmented epithelium do?

<p>Prevent light that has entered the eye from scattering.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many types of light-sensitive cells are there?

<p>Two; rods and cones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of light do the rods respond to?

<p>Low-intensity light.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of light do the cones respond to?

<p>Require high-intensity light and identify color.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which light-sensitive cells respond to low-intensity light?

<p>Rods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which light-sensitive cells respond to high-intensity light?

<p>Cones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do both rods and cones act like?

<p>Sensory receptors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When excited, where is the nerve message passed from rods and cones?

<p>To bipolar cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the bipolar cell relay the nerve message to?

<p>The optic nerve.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the optic nerve carry the nerve message to?

<p>The central nervous system (CNS).</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are rods and cones distributed in the retina?

<p>Unevenly distributed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the tiny depression in the center of the retina?

<p>Fovea centralis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most sensitive area of the eye?

<p>The fovea centralis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when you look at an object?

<p>Most light rays fall on the fovea centralis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are rods with the fovea centralis?

<p>Rods surround the fovea.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Are there any rods or cones next to the area where the retina and the optic nerve meet?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the area where there are no rods and cones next to the optic nerve called?

<p>The blind spot.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Structure of the Eye

  • The eye consists of three layers: sclera, choroid layer, and retina.

Sclera

  • The sclera is the outermost layer of the eye.
  • Functions of the sclera include protection and maintaining the eye's shape.
  • It is white, fibrous, with the front part forming the clear, bulging cornea, which refracts light toward the pupil.

Cornea

  • The cornea is a transparent segment of the sclera that protects the eye and refracts light.
  • Without blood vessels, the cornea remains transparent; blood vessels would cause cloudiness.
  • Oxygen enters the cornea from gases dissolved in tears, while nutrients come from aqueous humour.

Aqueous Humour

  • Aqueous humour is a transparent fluid located in a chamber behind the cornea, supplying nutrients and protecting the lens.

Choroid Layer

  • The choroid layer is the second/middle layer of the eye, rich in blood vessels that nourish the retina.
  • The iris, located at the front of the choroid layer, regulates light entrance by controlling the pupil size.

Iris

  • Composed of a thin circular muscle, the iris acts as a diaphragm to control the pupil's diameter.
  • The iris plays a crucial role in regulating the amount of light entering the eye.

Lens

  • The lens, located directly behind the iris, focuses images on the retina.
  • Ciliary muscles attached to ligaments around the lens adjust its shape for focusing.

Vitreous Humour

  • The vitreous humour is a large chamber behind the lens filled with jelly-like material that maintains eyeball shape and allows light passage to the retina.

Retina

  • The retina is the innermost layer, containing photoreceptors and composed of four layers: pigmented epithelium, light-sensitive cells, bipolar cells, and optic nerve cells.

Pigmented Epithelium

  • This layer lies between the choroid and light-sensitive cells, preventing light scattering with its pigment granules.

Light-Sensitive Cells

  • There are two types of light-sensitive cells: rods (respond to low-intensity light) and cones (require high-intensity light and perceive color).
  • Both rods and cones function as sensory receptors, transmitting messages to bipolar cells, then to the optic nerve and finally to the central nervous system.

Distribution of Rods and Cones

  • Rods and cones are unevenly distributed in the retina.
  • The fovea centralis, located at the center of the retina, holds the highest density of cones, resulting in sharp vision.

Fovea Centralis

  • The fovea centralis is the most sensitive area of the eye, densely packed with cones.
  • When focusing on an object, most light rays hit the fovea centralis, enhancing visual acuity.

Blind Spot

  • The area where the optic nerve attaches to the retina lacks rods and cones, creating a blind spot.

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Test your knowledge on the anatomy of the eye with these flashcards. From the layers of the eye to the functions of the sclera, explore essential concepts in ocular structure. Perfect for students looking to enhance their understanding of eye anatomy.

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