Structure & Function of Cells: Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes

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Which of the following is a characteristic of prokaryotic cells?

Having a nucleus

Being generally larger than eukaryotic cells

Containing mitochondria

Lacking membrane-bound organelles (correct)

What is the primary function of the plasma membrane in a cell?

Storing genetic material

Converting light energy into chemical energy

Controlling the movement of water and soluble substances (correct)

Providing structural support to the cell

Which of the following is a major difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Eukaryotic cells have a larger surface area to volume ratio

Eukaryotic cells lack ribosomes

Eukaryotic cells have a cytoskeleton, while prokaryotic cells do not

Eukaryotic cells have chromosomes found inside a nucleus (correct)

Which of the following structures is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Cytoplasm Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

Providing structural support and facilitating movement Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of eukaryotic cells?

Presence of a dynamic cytoskeleton Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Metabolism and synthesis of lipids Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for modifying, concentrating, and packaging proteins made in the endoplasmic reticulum?

Golgi Apparatus Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the ribosome?

Protein synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the basic structure unit of the plasma membrane?

Phospholipid bilayer Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is known for its prokaryotic origins?

Mitochondria Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the cytoskeleton in a cell?

Cell shape and movement Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the nucleus within a cell?

Contains genetic material and houses chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

What is the external network of fibers that contains cell-adhesion molecules and proteoglycans?

Extracellular matrix Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER) in a cell?

Protein synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between smooth endoplasmic reticulum (smooth ER) and rough endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER)?

The presence of ribosomes on the surface Signup and view all the answers

What is the core function of mitochondria?

Producing ATP Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle acts as the demolition crew of the cell?

Lysosomes Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of peroxisomes in a cell?

Degrade harmful substances Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of the cell cycle involves DNA replication?

Interphase Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct order of phases in mitosis?

Prophase, Late Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of tRNA in protein production?

Adds amino acids to the protein chain Signup and view all the answers

What does transcription involve in the process of protein synthesis?

Conversion of DNA to RNA Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

Forming amino acid chains Signup and view all the answers

What happens during interphase in the cell cycle?

DNA replication takes place Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of histones in the nucleus?

Package and regulate DNA strands Signup and view all the answers