Cell Structure and Function Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the cell membrane?

To support the cell and regulate substance entry (correct)

To provide energy to the cell

To store genetic information

To produce proteins

Which of the following cellular structures is responsible for producing energy?

Endoplasmic reticulum

Mitochondria (correct)

Chloroplast

Vacuole

What is the significance of the vacuole in plant cells?

It aids in photosynthesis

It synthesizes enzymes

It provides structural support and stores substances (correct)

It regulates cell division

During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes align along the center of the cell?

Metaphase Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of lysosomes in a cell?

Break down waste and old cellular components Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?

Nucleus presence Signup and view all the answers

What defines a stem cell?

An unspecialized cell with potential to differentiate Signup and view all the answers

Which process describes the movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane?

Osmosis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a phase of interphase in the cell cycle?

M Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells can differentiate into almost all cell types in an organism?

Totipotent cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of cytokinesis?

Division of the cytoplasm Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle tissue is responsible for involuntary movement in the walls of organs?

Smooth muscle Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell is primarily responsible for photosynthesis?

Plant cell Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of connective tissue?

Providing support and insulation Signup and view all the answers

How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?

23 Signup and view all the answers

Which type of plant tissue is involved in photosynthesis and gas exchange?

Ground tissue Signup and view all the answers

Which component of a microscope adjusts the amount of light reaching the specimen?

Diaphragm Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells can be generated from adult stem cells?

Tissue from the same organ Signup and view all the answers

In which part of the heart does deoxygenated blood enter before moving to the lungs?

Right atrium Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of platelets in the circulatory system?

Clotting blood Signup and view all the answers

What does the alveoli's structure allow for in the respiratory system?

Efficient gas exchange Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is responsible for producing bile to aid in fat digestion?

Liver Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of epithelial tissue function?

Transport of nutrients Signup and view all the answers

What major role does the xylem play in a plant?

Transporting water and minerals Signup and view all the answers

What part of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the body?

Left ventricle Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are part of the nervous tissue and transmit impulses?

Neurons Signup and view all the answers

What drives the process of inhalation in the respiratory system?

Contraction of the diaphragm Signup and view all the answers

Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cell Structure

Cells are the fundamental units of life
Cells exhibit various functions: movement, growth, respiration, excretion of waste, and energy production.

Cell Size

Cells are generally similar in size
As size increases, volume increases rapidly
Large cells must divide to maintain efficiency

Unicellular vs. Multicellular Organisms

Unicellular: Lower life forms, often found in extreme environments. Each cell performs all life functions. Examples: Paramecium, bacteria.
Multicellular: Cells are specialized. Groups of cells perform specific tasks. Examples: plants, animals.

Prokaryotes

Small and simple
Lack a nucleus (nucleoid instead)
Lacks membrane-bound organelles
Cell walls present
Examples: bacteria, cyanobacteria (blue-green algae).

Eukaryotes

Complex
Contain a nucleus
Contain membrane-bound organelles
Unicellular or multicellular
Examples include animal and plant cells, fungi, protozoa.

Animal Cell Anatomy

Includes, nucleus, mitochondria, vacuole, cytoplasm, microtubules, Golgi complex, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, plasma membrane, rough endoplasmic reticulum, centrioles, vesicles, peroxisomes, nuclear pores, nucleolus.
Additional organelles and components are listed.

Plant Cell Anatomy

Includes, nucleus, nucleolus, rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, cell wall, cell membrane, peroxisomes, chloroplasts, amyloplasts, mitochondria, vacuole, cytoskeleton.
Specific organelles unique to plant cells, and components are listed

Cell Parts

Cell Membrane: Flexible double-layered membrane that encloses the cell. Function is support and allows substances in and out.
Cell wall: Rigid structure that gives plants shape and protection.
Chloroplasts: Site of photosynthesis in plant cells.
Vacuoles: Storage compartments for water, food, wastes, and other materials.
Mitochondria: Powerhouses of the cell, produce energy.
Nucleus: Control center of the cell, contains DNA.
Ribosomes: Assemble proteins.
Endoplasmic reticulum: Transports proteins and other materials.
Golgi apparatus: Processes and packages proteins.
Lysosomes: Contain digestive enzymes.
Cytoplasm: Jelly-like substance filling the cell.
Chromosomes: Contain DNA, and direct the activities of the cell

Diffusion

A process of moving substances across the cell membrane from higher to lower concentration to equalize concentration.
Critical for exchange of materials.

Osmosis

The diffusion of water across a membrane, water moves from higher to lower concentration

Mitosis

The process of cell division in eukaryotic cells, result in two genetically identical daughter cells.
Steps are outlined in detail: Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis.
Description and stages of mitosis
Importance in cellular growth, repair and reproduction

Cytokinesis

The division of the cytoplasm, following mitosis, to produce new daughter cells. Process differs between animal and plant cells.

Microscope

A compound microscope has two lens systems: ocular lens and objective lens; to determine total magnification of an image, multiply the ocular lens power by the objective lens power.
Methods to calculate specimen sizes based on microscope.

Microorganism Types

Different types of single-celled organisms, including prokaryotes (lacking a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles) versus eukaryotes (containing a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles).

Specialized Cells

The process by which cells develop to perform specific functions
Types of cells: (animal versus plant) cell specialization as well as cells functions
Stem cells: Undifferentiated cells with the potential to become specialized cells. Types of stem cells including Embryonic and Adult.
Animal and plant cells and functions are listed.
Various specialized cells in animals and plants with unique structures and functionalities

Circulatory System

Function of blood (cells). The circulatory system.
Components: arteries, veins, and capillaries, and their functions
Details of the human heart

Respiratory System

The organ system that brings oxygen into the body and allows carbon dioxide to leave
Description of inhaled air path
Function of the lungs
How breathing works
Diseases include tuberculosis, pneumonia, pleurisy, cancer, and emphysema.

Digestive System

The digestive system, an organ system to processes food.
Organ functions: mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and associated organs (liver, pancreas, gall bladder)
The digestive tract function
Diseases such as colitis and diabetes are listed, and their relevance.

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Description

Test your knowledge on cell structure, differences between unicellular and multicellular organisms, and the characteristics of prokaryotes and eukaryotes. This quiz covers essential topics related to the fundamental units of life, including cell size and function.