Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following high courts were established on 1 January 2019?
Which of the following high courts were established on 1 January 2019?
The District Judge is the lowest judicial authority below a High Court judge.
The District Judge is the lowest judicial authority below a High Court judge.
False
What is the role of a District Judge when presiding over civil cases?
What is the role of a District Judge when presiding over civil cases?
District Judge
The lowest sub-ordinate court that handles civil matters is known as the ______.
The lowest sub-ordinate court that handles civil matters is known as the ______.
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Match the following types of judicial positions with their roles:
Match the following types of judicial positions with their roles:
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What is the apex court of India?
What is the apex court of India?
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The Constitution of India established a separate judicial system for Central and State laws.
The Constitution of India established a separate judicial system for Central and State laws.
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When was the Supreme Court of India established?
When was the Supreme Court of India established?
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The Supreme Court (Number of Judges) Amendment Bill, 2019 increases the maximum number of judges in the Supreme Court from ___ to 33.
The Supreme Court (Number of Judges) Amendment Bill, 2019 increases the maximum number of judges in the Supreme Court from ___ to 33.
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Match the following High Courts with their locations:
Match the following High Courts with their locations:
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How many High Courts are there in India?
How many High Courts are there in India?
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The Supreme Court originally had 7 judges, including the Chief Justice.
The Supreme Court originally had 7 judges, including the Chief Justice.
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What is the current total strength of the Supreme Court, including the Chief Justice?
What is the current total strength of the Supreme Court, including the Chief Justice?
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Study Notes
Structure and Hierarchy of Courts in India
- The Indian judicial system operates under a federal structure, distributing law enactment powers between the Centre and the States.
- A single integrated judiciary administers both Central and State laws across India, with the Supreme Court at the apex, followed by High Courts, district courts, and subordinate courts.
- Specialized tribunals exist to handle sector-specific claims, including labor, consumer, and service-related disputes.
Supreme Court of India
- Established on January 28, 1950, replacing the Privy Council and the Federal Court of India.
- Initially envisioned with a Chief Justice and 7 judges, now has a total of 34 judges, including the Chief Justice.
- The Supreme Court (Number of Judges) Amendment Bill, 2019 increased the maximum number of judges from 30 to 33 (excluding the Chief Justice).
High Courts
- India has 25 High Courts, each overseeing a state, union territory, or group of states/territories.
- Key High Courts include Madras, Bombay, Calcutta, and Allahabad, which were the first four established.
- The Andhra High Court and Telangana High Court were formed on January 1, 2019, following the Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014.
District and Subordinate Courts
- The subordinate judiciary consists of district and subordinate courts, with each state divided into judicial districts led by a District and Sessions Judge.
- Judges are designated as District Judges for civil cases and Sessions Judges for criminal cases; Metropolitan Sessions Judges preside over metropolitan districts.
- District Judges oversee appellate jurisdiction and supervisory authority over subordinate courts.
- Subordinate courts include Junior Civil Judge Court, Principal Junior Civil Judge Court, and Senior Civil Judge Courts for civil matters.
- Criminal subordinate courts consist of Second Class, First Class Judicial Magistrate Courts, and Chief Judicial Magistrate Court.
- District Munsiff Courts handle the lowest civil matters, functioning below subordinate courts, with pecuniary limits set by state governments.
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Description
Explore the framework of the Indian judicial system as outlined in the Constitution. This quiz covers the structure, hierarchy, and roles of various legal officers within India's courts. Test your knowledge on how the federal and state laws are administered.
