Structural Isomers in Organic Chemistry

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What is the atomic number of hydrogen?

7

1 (correct)

2

17

How many electrons are required to fill the K shell of a hydrogen atom?

2

8

1 (correct)

0

What is the electronic configuration of helium, the nearest noble gas to hydrogen?

10

18

8

2 (correct)

How many electrons are shared between two hydrogen atoms when they form a molecule of hydrogen, H2?

2 Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond is formed between two oxygen atoms when they share electrons?

Double bond Signup and view all the answers

What is the valency of chlorine?

7 Signup and view all the answers

Which term is used to describe compounds with identical molecular formula but different structures?

Isomers Signup and view all the answers

What is the molecular formula of benzene?

$C6H6$ Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hydrocarbons contain one or more double bonds?

Alkenes Signup and view all the answers

How many carbon atoms are present in a cyclohexane molecule?

6 Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for hydrocarbons that contain only single carbon-carbon bonds?

Alkanes Signup and view all the answers

Which type of carbon compound has atoms arranged in the form of a ring?

Cyclic carbon compounds Signup and view all the answers

What causes a luminous flame in a gaseous substance?

Heating of the atoms Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic property of an element is responsible for the unique color produced by each element?

Atomic structure Signup and view all the answers

What is the yellow color of a candle flame attributed to?

Incomplete combustion resulting in soot Signup and view all the answers

How were coal and petroleum formed according to the text?

Biological and geological processes acting on biomass Signup and view all the answers

Why are coal and petroleum referred to as fossil fuels?

They are derived from ancient organic matter Signup and view all the answers

What chemical reaction occurs when ethanol is gently warmed with alkaline potassium permanganate?

Oxidation reaction Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of carbon mentioned in the text?

Carbon is a versatile element found in many everyday items. Signup and view all the answers

How much carbon is present in the Earth's crust as mentioned in the text?

0.02% Signup and view all the answers

Based on the text, where is carbon mainly found in the atmosphere?

Mainly as carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate amount of carbon present in the atmosphere?

0.03% Signup and view all the answers

Why are food, clothes, medicines, and books mentioned in the text?

To highlight their dependence on carbon. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of carbon?

It forms compounds essential for life. Signup and view all the answers

What is the unique orientation of soap molecules inside water that keeps the hydrocarbon portion out of the water?

Hydrophobic tails in the interior of the cluster and ionic ends on the surface of the cluster Signup and view all the answers

Why does a soap solution appear cloudy?

Scattering of light by soap micelles Signup and view all the answers

In what way do soap micelles help in cleaning?

By collecting oily dirt in the center of the micelle Signup and view all the answers

What prevents soap micelles from coming together to precipitate?

Presence of ion-ion repulsion Signup and view all the answers

Why does the hydrophobic 'tail' of soap not dissolve in water when at the surface of water?

It interacts with hydrocarbons instead Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason an oily dirt particle is easily rinsed away when surrounded by soap micelles?

Because dirt particles are collected in the center of the micelle Signup and view all the answers