Structural Engineering: Truss Principles

Questions and Answers

It allows for greater material flexibility.

It can support bending loads effectively.

It is inherently stable due to its geometric rigidity. (correct)

It can function without connecting members.

Members

Webs (correct)

Chords

Nodes

In a single plane (correct)

In multiple dimensions

In a circular layout

In a zigzag pattern

Compression and tension forces Signup and view all the answers

Nodes serve as joints between two or more members. Signup and view all the answers

A structure with a distinct angle or slope Signup and view all the answers

Double Layer Support Signup and view all the answers

Allows for equal spacing of trusses Signup and view all the answers

Space Truss Signup and view all the answers

Trusses and girders Signup and view all the answers

Angle of splay and height of column head Signup and view all the answers

Reduces the number of vertical columns needed Signup and view all the answers

Flat Truss Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Triangles create inherently stable and rigid shapes, essential for structural integrity.
A truss utilizes the triangular geometric rigidity to efficiently distribute loads through its members.
Members experience pure compression or tension, avoiding bending or shear forces, with thrust forces resolved internally.

Chord: Principal truss components extending between the ends, comprised of the top chord and bottom chord.
Web: The network of members connecting the top chord and bottom chord, creating structural stability.
Node: The joint where two or more truss members converge, crucial for load transfer.

Plane Trusses: All members are aligned in a single, flat plane.
Space Trusses: Members are arranged in a three-dimensional configuration, providing complex structural support.

Pitched Truss: Features slanted chords for distributing loads at an angle, typically used in roofs.
Flat Truss/Parallel-chord Truss: Consists of members arranged parallel to one another, often utilized in horizontal applications.
Arched Truss: Incorporates curved shapes, allowing for better load distribution and aesthetic designs.
Composite Truss: Combines different materials or structural forms to optimize strength and weight.

Single Layer Support: Trusses supported directly on columns or supporting purlins, where truss spacing equals purlin span; purlin spacing influences roof finish type.
Double Layer Support: Involves trusses supported on valley beams or lattice girders, reducing the number of columns needed and enhancing structural efficiency.
Splayed Poles Support: Utilizes angled poles for minimal column usage at human height while maximizing truss support. Requires adjustments to spacing and angles for optimal structural performance.