Structural Engineering: Truss Principles

Study Notes

Triangles create inherently stable and rigid shapes, essential for structural integrity.
A truss utilizes the triangular geometric rigidity to efficiently distribute loads through its members.
Members experience pure compression or tension, avoiding bending or shear forces, with thrust forces resolved internally.

Chord: Principal truss components extending between the ends, comprised of the top chord and bottom chord.
Web: The network of members connecting the top chord and bottom chord, creating structural stability.
Node: The joint where two or more truss members converge, crucial for load transfer.

Plane Trusses: All members are aligned in a single, flat plane.
Space Trusses: Members are arranged in a three-dimensional configuration, providing complex structural support.

Pitched Truss: Features slanted chords for distributing loads at an angle, typically used in roofs.
Flat Truss/Parallel-chord Truss: Consists of members arranged parallel to one another, often utilized in horizontal applications.
Arched Truss: Incorporates curved shapes, allowing for better load distribution and aesthetic designs.
Composite Truss: Combines different materials or structural forms to optimize strength and weight.

Single Layer Support: Trusses supported directly on columns or supporting purlins, where truss spacing equals purlin span; purlin spacing influences roof finish type.
Double Layer Support: Involves trusses supported on valley beams or lattice girders, reducing the number of columns needed and enhancing structural efficiency.
Splayed Poles Support: Utilizes angled poles for minimal column usage at human height while maximizing truss support. Requires adjustments to spacing and angles for optimal structural performance.