Podcast
Questions and Answers
Match the structural elements with their definitions:
Match the structural elements with their definitions:
Beam = Structural member that transmits forces perpendicular to such forces to the reaction points. Column = A structural member that transmits a compressive force along a straight path in the direction of the member. Braced frame = Structural system that uses diagonal members to provide bracing against lateral wind and earthquake loads. Buttress = Mass of masonry built against a wall to strengthen it.
Match the types of loads or forces to their descriptions:
Match the types of loads or forces to their descriptions:
Axial load = Load that passes through the centroid of a section under construction and is perpendicular to the plane of the section. Btu = British thermal unit; the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 pound of water 1°F. Caloric value = Measured in Btu; the amount of heat required to raise 1 pound of water 1°F. Cavity wall = A wall built of two wythes separated by a space for rain drainage or insulation.
Match the architectural terms with their explanations:
Match the architectural terms with their explanations:
Arches = Combine the function of a beam and a column. Cantilever beam = A beam supported at one end only, rigidly held in position at that end. Bracket = Diagonal member that supports what would otherwise be a cantilever. Camber = Upward rise.
Match the construction components with their characteristics:
Match the construction components with their characteristics:
Match the structural members with their roles:
Match the structural members with their roles:
Match the terms related to engineering with their meanings:
Match the terms related to engineering with their meanings:
Match the building concepts with their descriptions:
Match the building concepts with their descriptions:
Match the thermal terms with their definitions:
Match the thermal terms with their definitions:
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Study Notes
Structural Elements and Loads
- Arches serve as both beams and columns, distributing loads efficiently.
- Axial load refers to the force acting through the centroid of a construction section, perpendicular to its plane.
- A column generates compressive forces along a straight path, essential for structural support.
Construction Components
- A bar joist is a lightweight steel truss used primarily for support in flooring systems.
- A beam transmits forces that act perpendicular to it, transferring loads to reaction points.
- Bents comprise lines of columns aligned in any direction to form structural frameworks.
- Braced frames utilize diagonal members for additional stability against lateral forces like wind and earthquakes.
Masonry and Wall Types
- A brick and block composite wall integrates an exterior layer of brick with an inner layer of concrete masonry units (CMU) for durability.
- Cavity or hollow walls consist of two masonry wythes with a space in between for drainage or insulation purposes.
- Buttresses are masonry structures added against walls to enhance strength, particularly where heavy loads are applied by arches or vaults.
Load and Thermal Considerations
- British thermal unit (Btu) measures heat energy; it represents the energy needed to raise the temperature of one pound of water by one degree Fahrenheit.
- Caloric value is quantified in Btu, indicating the heat necessary for temperature changes in water.
Structural Design Concepts
- A built-up girder is constructed from steel plates and angles, differing from standard rolled sections due to its assembly method.
- Camber refers to the intentional upward curvature provided in beams to counteract deflection under load.
- Cantilever beams are uniquely supported only at one end, allowing for overhanging structures without additional support.
Truss Components
- Chords are the outer structural members of a truss, while the inner web members provide stability and load distribution.
- Cantilevered structures depend on cantilevers for support, highlighting the importance of effective load management.
Geometry and Stability
- The centroid indicates the center of mass within a structure, crucial for balancing under gravitational influences.
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