Structural Engineering Key Concepts
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes a STRUCTURE?

  • A type of antenna for transmitting signals
  • A load factor used in design
  • A single element of framing
  • An assemblage of framing members designed to support gravity loads and resist lateral forces (correct)
  • Strength design is a method used for the design of structural members that exceeds the member design strength.

    False (B)

    What is the purpose of an antenna?

    To transmit and/or receive electromagnetic waves.

    The product of a load specified in Sections 204 through 208 and a load factor is known as __________.

    <p>factored load</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of nonbuilding structures with their descriptions:

    <p>Poles = Vertical structures used for supporting cables or antennas Masts = Tall structures specifically used to elevate antennas Billboards = Large outdoor advertising structures Towers = Structures designed to support various types of equipment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the DUAL SYSTEM in construction?

    <p>To combine resisting frames and shear walls (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Design pressure is defined as the equivalent static pressure used in the determination of wind loads for buildings.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the elastic response spectrum used for in building design?

    <p>It represents the dynamic effects of the Design Basis Ground Motion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary structural characteristic of a concentrically-braced frame?

    <p>Members are subjected primarily to axial forces (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The average height used in determining eave height is measured from the ground surface to the roof _____ line.

    <p>eave</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Essential Facilities = Buildings intended to remain operational during extreme loads Eccentrically Braced Frame = A steel-braced frame for seismic safety Effective Wind Area = Area determining wind pressure on cladding fasteners Elastic Response Parameters = Forces from an elastic dynamic analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A diaphragm is a vertical system used to transmit vertical forces to the resisting elements.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the minimum total strength design base shear?

    <p>Design Seismic Force (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a diaphragm strut in a diaphragm system?

    <p>To collect and transfer diaphragm shear to the vertical resisting elements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The term 'escarpment' refers to a gentle slope between two levels.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A system of repetitive wood framing members forms the primary structural elements in __________ construction.

    <p>conventional light-frame</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a diaphragm, blocked from a diaphragm, unblocked?

    <p>The blocked diaphragm supports panel edges with blocking (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum effective wind area for cladding fasteners?

    <p>It shall not be greater than the area tributary to an individual fastener.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dead loads consist of the weight of all materials and __________ incorporated into the building.

    <p>fixed equipment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Chord = The boundary element of a diaphragm or shear wall taking axial stresses Cripple Wall = A framed stud wall extending from the foundation to the underside of floor framing Deck = An exterior floor system supported on at least two sides Drift = The lateral displacement of one level relative to the level above or below</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define design basis ground motion.

    <p>Ground motion with a 10 percent chance of being exceeded in 50 years, determined by hazard analysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Concentrically-Braced Frame

    A braced frame where members endure primarily axial forces.

    Diaphragm

    A horizontal system that transmits lateral forces to vertical elements.

    Blocked Diaphragm

    A diaphragm with sheathing edges connected to blocking.

    Chord

    Boundary element of a diaphragm taking axial stresses.

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    Dead Loads

    The weight of all materials and fixed equipment in a structure.

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    Drift

    Lateral displacement of one level relative to another.

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    Deck

    An exterior floor system supported by adjacent or independent structures.

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    Design Basis Ground Motion

    Ground motion with a 10% chance of being exceeded in 50 years.

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    DUAL SYSTEM

    A structural system combining moment-resisting frames and shear walls or braced frames to resist wind loads.

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    DESIGN FORCE

    The equivalent static force used for determining wind loads for buildings and structures.

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    EAVE HEIGHT

    The vertical distance from the ground to the roof eave line at a wall.

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    DESIGN RESPONSE SPECTRUM

    An elastic response spectrum representing dynamic effects from Design Basis Ground Motion for structural design.

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    DESIGN SEISMIC FORCE

    Minimum total strength base shear factored and distributed for seismic design according to codes.

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    EFFECTIVE WIND AREA

    Area used to determine wind pressure effects on buildings; relates to cladding fasteners.

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    ESSENTIAL FACILITIES

    Structures intended to operate during extreme wind or earthquake conditions.

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    ECCENTRICALLY BRACED FRAME (EBF)

    A steel-braced frame designed for lateral loads, conforming to specific design standards.

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    EPA

    Effective Projected Area, a measure in antenna design.

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    Factored Load

    Product of a load and a load factor from specific sections.

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    Structure

    Assemblage of framing members designed for loads and forces.

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    Strength Design

    Method to ensure computed forces do not exceed design strength.

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    Towers and Other Structures

    Nonbuilding structures like poles and masts covered by code.

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    Study Notes

    Concentrated Braced Frame

    • A braced frame where members primarily experience axial forces.

    Conventional Light Frame Construction

    • A type of construction relying on repetitive wood framing members.

    Impact Resistant Covering

    • A covering designed to protect impact resistant glazing systems.

    Cripple Wall

    • A framed stud wall positioned from the foundation to the underside of the lowest occupied floor level.

    Dead Loads

    • The weight of all building materials and fixed equipment.

    Deck

    • An exterior floor system supported on opposite sides by a structure, or posts, piers, etc.

    Design Basis Ground Motion

    • The ground motion that has a 10% chance of being exceeded in 50 years. Determined either by a site-specific hazard analysis, or using hazard maps.

    Design Force

    • The equivalent static force factor used to determine wind loads for open buildings.

    Design Response Spectrum

    • Elastic response spectrum for 5% viscous damping, used for designing structures based on Design Basis Ground Motion (DBGM).

    Design Seismic Force

    • Minimum total strength design base shear from sections. Factored and distributed following specified section guidelines.

    Design Pressure

    • Equivalent static pressure to calculate wind loads acting on buildings.

    Diaphragm

    • A horizontal structural system transferring lateral forces to vertical elements. Includes horizontal bracing systems.

    Blocked Diaphragm

    • Diaphragm where all sheathing edges not positioned on framing members get supported and connected to blocking.

    Diaphragm Chord (or Shear Wall Chord)

    • Structure element on a diaphragm/shear wall assumed to take axial stresses similar to the beam flanges.

    Diaphragm Strut

    • A diaphragm element parallel to applied load. They collect and transfer diaphragm shear to vertical resisting members, or redistribute loads within the diaphragm itself; they can experience axial tension or compression.

    Unblocked Diaphragm

    • A diaphragm with edge nailing connections only at supporting members, excluding blocking between supporting structural members.

    Drift (or Storey Drift)

    • The displacement of one level compared to levels above or below.

    Dual System

    • A design combining moment-resisting frames with shear walls and braced frames. Designed according to established criteria.

    Eave Height

    • Distance from ground to building roof eave line (along a specified wall). Average height used if height varies along the wall.

    Eccentrically Braced Frame (EBF)

    • A steel braced frame meeting guidelines in specific sections.

    Effective Wind Area

    • Used to determine GCp; for cladding fasteners, wind area should not exceed area tributary to an individual fastener.

    Elastic Response Parameters

    • Forces and deformations calculated from elastic dynamic analysis for buildings. Ground motion is used as an unreduced representation.

    Scarp

    • A steep cliff separating two levels/slopes.

    Essential Facilities

    • Buildings, towers, or structures intended for continued operation during extreme weather (i.e. earthquakes, high winds).

    Factored Load

    • The result of multiplying a specified load (from sections 204 to 208) with a load factor. Refer to section 203.7 for load combinations.

    Structure

    • Assemblage of members supporting gravity and resisting lateral forces. Categorized into building and nonbuilding structures.

    Strength Design

    • Structural member design method. Computed forces from factored load should not exceed design strength. Used in concrete designs.

    Towers and Other Structures

    • Nonbuilding structures, including poles, masts, and billboards, often not occupied by people. Covered by the code.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on essential structural engineering concepts. This quiz covers topics such as concentrated braced frames, conventional light frame construction, and design forces. Perfect for students and professionals looking to refresh their understanding of building design principles.

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