Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the lintel in a post and lintel system?
What is the characteristic of concrete in terms of stress?
What is the term used to describe the post and lintel system?
What is the purpose of additional reinforcement bars in a structural system?
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What type of structural system is used in the Valley Temple East Pyramid of Khafre?
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What is the force that acts on the lower part of a beam in a post and lintel system?
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What is the main structural member that carries the structural load of a building?
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What is the consequence of not providing additional reinforcement to a concrete structure?
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What is the primary reason for the deflection of simple supported beams in the middle of their span?
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Where are the reinforcement bars typically located in a cantilever beam?
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What is the typical height of the entablature in relation to the column's diameter in the Greek orders?
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What is the characteristic feature of the shaft in the Greek orders?
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What is the purpose of the stylobate in the Greek orders?
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What is the main difference between a stylobate and a stereobate?
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How are the measurements of the Greek order components typically derived?
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Which Greek order is the most massive?
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What is the primary reason behind each generation rejecting the work of its parents?
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What is the significance of gargoyles in Gothic cathedrals?
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According to the passage, what is the relevance of Reims Cathedral in France?
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What is the significance of venustas in the context of architecture?
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How is the use of ornament re-evaluated over time?
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What is the primary reason behind the use of ornament in certain periods of architectural history?
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What is the characteristic of the Doric order's capital?
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What is the height of the Corinthian order's column in relation to its diameter?
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What is unique about the Composite order?
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What is the purpose of a pilaster?
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What is the advantage of the masonry arch?
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What is the characteristic of the Ionic order's capital?
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What is the Roman counterpart of the Greek Doric order?
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What is an engaged column?
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What is the characteristic of the Corinthian order's shaft?
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What is the purpose of buttressing in architecture?
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What is the primary consideration for clearance in workspace design?
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What is the recommended width for walking in a trapezoidal space?
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What is the purpose of considering the stature of a 99th percentile man in safety clearance design?
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What is the recommended width for prone crawling in workspace design?
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What is the relationship between clearance dimensions and the task being performed?
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What is the primary consideration for designing passageways in restricted access areas?
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What is the purpose of considering the behavior of users in workspace design?
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What is the primary goal of anthropometry in workspace design?
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Study Notes
Structural Conceptualization
- Physical structure refers to the main structural members that carry the structural load of a building, such as the Leaning Tower of Pisa.
- The force from the weight of the structure itself and additional loads are important considerations.
Post and Lintel System
- Also known as the Trabeated System, derived from the Latin word 'trab', meaning 'beam'.
- Allowed for walls to be opened up for openings and windows.
- Lintels are beams inserted in a wall to support the wall above such openings.
- Lintels rest upon posts or columns for support.
- Concrete is strong in compression and weak in tension, so additional reinforcement bars are placed on the lower surface of beams to increase tensile strength.
Simple Supported Beams
- Deflect in the middle of their span due to the weight of the structure and additional loads.
- Cantilevers are beams extended over the end of the column, where the upper surface is stretched and in tension, while the lower surface is squeezed together.
- Reinforcement bars are located on the upper part of cantilevers to increase tensile strength.
Classical Orders
Greek Classical Orders
- Three basic parts: base, shaft, and capital.
- Stylobate is a three-stepped temple base composed of the top step where columns rise up.
- Stereobate is a two-stepped base.
- Measurements of different components are mostly derived from the column's diameter.
- Orders:
- Doric: capital has an echinus with an outward swelling, and a final square slab (abacus).
- Ionic: slenderer than the Doric order, with a capital featuring curled volutes and an egg and dart molding.
- Corinthian: the tallest capital among the three Greek orders, with a slender shaft and an entablature similar to the Ionic order.
Romano Classical Orders
- Composite: a combination of the Ionic and Corinthian orders.
- Tuscan Doric: the Roman counterpart of the Greek Doric, with a base and a slenderer shaft.
Pillasters and Engaged Columns
- Engaged columns: columns that merge with the wall, making it seem like they came out from the wall.
- Pillasters: pier-like projections that are flat and rectangular.
Masonry Arch
- Advantages: no longer necessary to find and use a large stone lintel free from cracks or flaws.
- The masonry arch can span much greater distances.
- Examples: Pont du Gard, a combination of a bridge and an aqueduct built in the south of France in the late first century.
Ornament: Venustas
- Re-evaluated from time to time, depending on historical context.
- In some periods, using ornament was an essential component of architecture.
Ergonomics and Anthropometrics
- Clearance: directly related to the space needed to accomplish a particular task.
- Workspace design: safety clearance, minimum dimensions for passageways in areas of restricted access, and clearance dimensions in various positions.
- Application of anthropometry in design: consideration of physical dimensions, behavior, and stature of users.
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Description
This quiz covers the role of structural conceptualization in architectural design, including the type of structural system and its application to buildings.
