23 Questions
Which equation represents the Fick equation?
$CO = HR imes SV$
What does the integrated cardiovascular response to exercise refer to?
The overall cardiovascular changes during exercise
Which of the following factors contribute to an increase in stroke volume during exercise?
Increased venous return and increased ventricular contractility
What is the formula for calculating cardiac output?
Cardiac Output = Heart Rate x Stroke Volume
Which of the following is NOT a factor that contributes to the increase in stroke volume during exercise?
Increased total peripheral resistance
Which equation is the most accurate for estimating HRmax based on age?
HRmax = 211 - (0.64 × age)
What does steady-state heart rate represent?
The optimal heart rate for meeting circulatory demands at a specific rate of work
What is heart rate variability a measure of?
The fluctuation in heart rate due to changes in sympathetic-parasympathetic balance
Which of the following factors primarily determines O2max during maximal exercise?
Stroke volume
What is the primary factor determining stroke volume during exercise?
Increased preload
What is the effect of a supine position on stroke volume?
It increases stroke volume
What is the primary goal of cardiovascular adjustments during dynamic exercise?
To increase blood flow to working muscle and all tissues and organs in the body.
What is the maximal heart rate (HRmax)?
The highest HR value achieved in an all-out effort to the point of volitional fatigue.
Which of the following factors does NOT influence stroke volume during acute exercise?
Aortic or pulmonary artery pressure
At what exercise intensity does stroke volume typically plateau?
40% to 60% of O2max
How much does stroke volume typically increase from resting to maximal values in active but untrained individuals?
50 to 60 ml/beat
Which of the following statements about maximal cardiac output is correct?
Maximal cardiac output varies depending on body size and endurance training.
What is the purpose of the increase in cardiac output during exercise?
To meet the muscles' increased demand for oxygen.
What happens to cardiac output as exercise intensity increases?
Cardiac output increases.
What is the likely limitation of O2max?
The inability of cardiac output to increase further.
What does the Fick Equation describe?
The relation between oxygen use and cardiac output.
What does the linear relation between cardiac output and exercise intensity imply?
Cardiac output increases as exercise intensity increases.
What is the maximum value of cardiac output?
More than 40 L/min.
Test your knowledge on how exercise affects stroke volume and the factors that can enhance ventricle contractility. Learn about the role of sympathetic nerve stimulation, circulating catecholamines, and the ejection fraction in increasing stroke volume.
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