Stroke Volume and Ventricle Contractility

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Which equation represents the Fick equation?

$HR imes SV = CO$

$SV = HR imes CO$

$HR = CO imes SV$

$CO = HR imes SV$ (correct)

What does the integrated cardiovascular response to exercise refer to?

The use of a submaximal exercise test to estimate maximal exercise capacity

Physiological differences in trained versus untrained people

Cardiovascular drift

The overall cardiovascular changes during exercise (correct)

Which of the following factors contribute to an increase in stroke volume during exercise?

Increased venous return and decreased ventricular contractility

Decreased venous return and increased ventricular contractility

Increased venous return and increased ventricular contractility (correct)

Decreased venous return and decreased ventricular contractility

What is the formula for calculating cardiac output?

Cardiac Output = Heart Rate x Stroke Volume Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor that contributes to the increase in stroke volume during exercise?

Increased total peripheral resistance Signup and view all the answers

Which equation is the most accurate for estimating HRmax based on age?

HRmax = 211 - (0.64 × age) Signup and view all the answers

What does steady-state heart rate represent?

The optimal heart rate for meeting circulatory demands at a specific rate of work Signup and view all the answers

What is heart rate variability a measure of?

The fluctuation in heart rate due to changes in sympathetic-parasympathetic balance Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors primarily determines O2max during maximal exercise?

Stroke volume Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor determining stroke volume during exercise?

Increased preload Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of a supine position on stroke volume?

It increases stroke volume Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of cardiovascular adjustments during dynamic exercise?

To increase blood flow to working muscle and all tissues and organs in the body. Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximal heart rate (HRmax)?

The highest HR value achieved in an all-out effort to the point of volitional fatigue. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors does NOT influence stroke volume during acute exercise?

Aortic or pulmonary artery pressure Signup and view all the answers

At what exercise intensity does stroke volume typically plateau?

40% to 60% of O2max Signup and view all the answers

How much does stroke volume typically increase from resting to maximal values in active but untrained individuals?

50 to 60 ml/beat Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about maximal cardiac output is correct?

Maximal cardiac output varies depending on body size and endurance training. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the increase in cardiac output during exercise?

To meet the muscles' increased demand for oxygen. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to cardiac output as exercise intensity increases?

Cardiac output increases. Signup and view all the answers

What is the likely limitation of O2max?

The inability of cardiac output to increase further. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Fick Equation describe?

The relation between oxygen use and cardiac output. Signup and view all the answers

What does the linear relation between cardiac output and exercise intensity imply?

Cardiac output increases as exercise intensity increases. Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum value of cardiac output?

More than 40 L/min. Signup and view all the answers