Stroke Types and Complications
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Questions and Answers

What is a complication of heart disease?

  • Subarachnoid hemorrhage
  • Hemorrhagic stroke
  • Myocardial infarction (correct)
  • Non-hemorrhagic stroke
  • Which type of stroke is not caused by bleeding?

  • Myocardial infarction
  • Subarachnoid hemorrhage
  • Non-hemorrhagic stroke (correct)
  • Hemorrhagic stroke
  • What is most sensitive in distinguishing a myocardial infarction from unstable angina or non-cardiac chest pain?

  • Elevated serum cardiac enzymes (correct)
  • Echocardiogram
  • Elevation of the ST segment on the electrocardiogram
  • Physical examination
  • What type of stroke is caused by bleeding in the space surrounding the brain?

    <p>Subarachnoid hemorrhage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a type of heart disease complication?

    <p>Myocardial infarction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best diagnostic test for myocardial infarction?

    <p>Elevated serum cardiac enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a type of stroke that is caused by bleeding in the brain?

    <p>Hemorrhagic stroke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is not a type of stroke?

    <p>Myocardial infarction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of posterior capsular opacification following phacoemulsification and implantation of an IOL?

    <p>Proliferation of residual lens epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a cause of posterior capsular opacification following phacoemulsification and implantation of an IOL?

    <p>Hyperlysinemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of residual lens epithelium in posterior capsular opacification?

    <p>It proliferates and contributes to opacification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a possible complication of phacoemulsification and implantation of an IOL?

    <p>Posterior capsular opacification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between posterior capsular opacification and hyperlysinemia?

    <p>There is no relationship between the two</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of understanding the causes of posterior capsular opacification?

    <p>It enables the development of effective prevention and treatment strategies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the preferred diagnostic criterion for diabetes?

    <p>Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended glucose level for diagnosing diabetes during a glucose tolerance test?

    <p>Exceeding 200 mg/dL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using HbA1c for diagnosing diabetes?

    <p>It provides an average of blood glucose levels over the past 2-3 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended fasting serum glucose level for diagnosing diabetes?

    <p>Exceeding 126 mg/Dl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best approach for a diabetic patient about to undergo major surgery?

    <p>Administer full regular insulin dose with a light breakfast in early AM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to control blood glucose levels in diabetic patients undergoing surgery?

    <p>To reduce the risk of surgical site infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of glucose control in diabetic patients undergoing surgery?

    <p>To maintain euglycemia during surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is HbA1c not used as a diagnostic criterion during a glucose tolerance test?

    <p>It is not a direct measure of glucose levels during the test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may occur if the phacoemulsification tip is too large?

    <p>Excessive phacoemulsification power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential complication of leaving viscoelastic in the eye after phacoemulsification?

    <p>Significant spike in IOP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the likely age of the patient who underwent phacoemulsification of a nuclear sclerotic cataract?

    <p>60-years-old</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cataract was removed from the patient's right eye?

    <p>Nuclear sclerotic cataract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be a consequence of using excessive phacoemulsification power?

    <p>Damage to the corneal endothelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When might the patient experience a significant spike in IOP after phacoemulsification?

    <p>Days after the procedure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor?

    <p>Haloperidol (Haldol)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of Parkinson disease?

    <p>Loss of neurons in the substantia nigra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Alzheimer disease?

    <p>Excess dopamine production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of using neuroleptic drugs in patients with Parkinson disease?

    <p>Worsening of motor symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications is used to treat depression?

    <p>Fluoxetine (Prozac)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of Parkinson disease pathology?

    <p>Loss of neurons in the substantia nigra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a treatment for Parkinson disease?

    <p>Tricyclic antidepressants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of Alzheimer disease pathology?

    <p>Deposition of beta-amyloid peptides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Stroke and Heart Disease

    • Complications of heart disease can cause non-hemorrhagic stroke.

    Diagnosis of Myocardial Infarction

    • Elevated serum cardiac enzymes are most sensitive in distinguishing a myocardial infarction from unstable angina or non-cardiac chest pain.

    Diagnosis of Diabetes

    • Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is preferred for diagnosing diabetes.

    Pre-Operative Care for Diabetic Patients

    • For a diabetic patient about to undergo major surgery, haloperidol (Haldol) is the preferred choice.

    Parkinson Disease

    • Parkinson disease is characterized by increased rigidity, potential worsening of symptoms with neuroleptic drugs, loss of neurons in the substantia nigra, but not excess dopamine production.

    Alzheimer Disease

    • Alzheimer disease is characterized by all but hyperlysinemia.

    Posterior Capsular Opacification

    • Proliferation of residual lens epithelium causes posterior capsular opacification following phacoemulsification and implantation of an IOL.

    Intraocular Pressure (IOP) Spike

    • A patient may experience a significant spike in IOP hours to days after completion of a case if a moderate amount of viscoelastic is left in the eye.

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    Description

    This quiz covers different types of strokes, including hemorrhagic and non-hemorrhagic strokes, and their complications. Test your knowledge of strokes and heart diseases.

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