36 Questions
What is a complication of heart disease?
Myocardial infarction
Which type of stroke is not caused by bleeding?
Non-hemorrhagic stroke
What is most sensitive in distinguishing a myocardial infarction from unstable angina or non-cardiac chest pain?
Elevated serum cardiac enzymes
What type of stroke is caused by bleeding in the space surrounding the brain?
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
What is a type of heart disease complication?
Myocardial infarction
What is the best diagnostic test for myocardial infarction?
Elevated serum cardiac enzymes
What is a type of stroke that is caused by bleeding in the brain?
Hemorrhagic stroke
What is not a type of stroke?
Myocardial infarction
What is the primary cause of posterior capsular opacification following phacoemulsification and implantation of an IOL?
Proliferation of residual lens epithelium
Which of the following is NOT a cause of posterior capsular opacification following phacoemulsification and implantation of an IOL?
Hyperlysinemia
What is the role of residual lens epithelium in posterior capsular opacification?
It proliferates and contributes to opacification
Which of the following is a possible complication of phacoemulsification and implantation of an IOL?
Posterior capsular opacification
What is the relationship between posterior capsular opacification and hyperlysinemia?
There is no relationship between the two
What is the significance of understanding the causes of posterior capsular opacification?
It enables the development of effective prevention and treatment strategies
What is the preferred diagnostic criterion for diabetes?
Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c)
What is the recommended glucose level for diagnosing diabetes during a glucose tolerance test?
Exceeding 200 mg/dL
What is the primary advantage of using HbA1c for diagnosing diabetes?
It provides an average of blood glucose levels over the past 2-3 months
What is the recommended fasting serum glucose level for diagnosing diabetes?
Exceeding 126 mg/Dl
What is the best approach for a diabetic patient about to undergo major surgery?
Administer full regular insulin dose with a light breakfast in early AM
Why is it important to control blood glucose levels in diabetic patients undergoing surgery?
To reduce the risk of surgical site infections
What is the primary goal of glucose control in diabetic patients undergoing surgery?
To maintain euglycemia during surgery
Why is HbA1c not used as a diagnostic criterion during a glucose tolerance test?
It is not a direct measure of glucose levels during the test
What may occur if the phacoemulsification tip is too large?
Excessive phacoemulsification power
What is a potential complication of leaving viscoelastic in the eye after phacoemulsification?
Significant spike in IOP
What is the likely age of the patient who underwent phacoemulsification of a nuclear sclerotic cataract?
60-years-old
What type of cataract was removed from the patient's right eye?
Nuclear sclerotic cataract
What can be a consequence of using excessive phacoemulsification power?
Damage to the corneal endothelium
When might the patient experience a significant spike in IOP after phacoemulsification?
Days after the procedure
Which of the following medications is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor?
Haloperidol (Haldol)
What is a characteristic of Parkinson disease?
Loss of neurons in the substantia nigra
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Alzheimer disease?
Excess dopamine production
What is a potential consequence of using neuroleptic drugs in patients with Parkinson disease?
Worsening of motor symptoms
Which of the following medications is used to treat depression?
Fluoxetine (Prozac)
What is a characteristic of Parkinson disease pathology?
Loss of neurons in the substantia nigra
Which of the following is NOT a treatment for Parkinson disease?
Tricyclic antidepressants
What is a characteristic of Alzheimer disease pathology?
Deposition of beta-amyloid peptides
Study Notes
Stroke and Heart Disease
- Complications of heart disease can cause non-hemorrhagic stroke.
Diagnosis of Myocardial Infarction
- Elevated serum cardiac enzymes are most sensitive in distinguishing a myocardial infarction from unstable angina or non-cardiac chest pain.
Diagnosis of Diabetes
- Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is preferred for diagnosing diabetes.
Pre-Operative Care for Diabetic Patients
- For a diabetic patient about to undergo major surgery, haloperidol (Haldol) is the preferred choice.
Parkinson Disease
- Parkinson disease is characterized by increased rigidity, potential worsening of symptoms with neuroleptic drugs, loss of neurons in the substantia nigra, but not excess dopamine production.
Alzheimer Disease
- Alzheimer disease is characterized by all but hyperlysinemia.
Posterior Capsular Opacification
- Proliferation of residual lens epithelium causes posterior capsular opacification following phacoemulsification and implantation of an IOL.
Intraocular Pressure (IOP) Spike
- A patient may experience a significant spike in IOP hours to days after completion of a case if a moderate amount of viscoelastic is left in the eye.
This quiz covers different types of strokes, including hemorrhagic and non-hemorrhagic strokes, and their complications. Test your knowledge of strokes and heart diseases.
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