Modul 1.docx

+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Which one of the following | | | bacteria evade | | | | | | s...

+-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Which one of the following | | | bacteria evade | | | | | | s phagocytosis in the absence of | | | antibody and | | | | | | complement because of | | | polysaccharide encapsulation? | | +===================================+===================================+ | A. Staphylococcus aureus | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | B. Staphylococcus epidermidis | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | C. Streptococcus pneumoniae | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | D. Pseudomonas aeruginosa | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ANSWER: C | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Which one of the following | | | antibiotics is the treatment of | | | choice for life-threatening | | | Staphylococcus | | | | | | aureus systemic infection? | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | A. Penicillin | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | B. Vancomycin | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | C. Gentamicin | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | D. A cephalosporin | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ANSWER: B | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Which one of the following | | | antibiotics is the treatment of | | | choice for Streptococcus pyogenes | | | | | | infections (e.g., strep throat, | | | impetigo)? | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | A. Penicillin | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | B. Vancomycin | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | C. Gentamicin | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | D. A cephalosporin | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ANSWER: A | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | All except which one of the | | | following is true about Lyme | | | disease? | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | A. It is tick-borne. | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | B. Late manifestations are seen | | | in the skin, joints, and nervous | | | system. | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | C - It is usually diagnosed by | | | bacterial culturing. | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | D. The organism is sensitive to | | | tetracycline. | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ANSWER: C | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Which one of the following | | | statements is NOT correct about | | | herpes zoster? | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | A. Primary infection usually | | | occurs in childhood in the form | | | of chickenpox (varicella). | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | B. No systemic antiviral | | | treatment exists at this time. | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | C. Post-herpetic neuralgia may | | | occur. | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | D. Herpes zoster occurs after a | | | reactivation of a latent nerve | | | infection. | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ANSWER: B | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Health care workers exposed to | | | HIV may be given immediate | | | treatment with which one of the | | | | | | following medications? | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | A. Zidovudine (Retrovir) | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | B. Saquinavir (Invirase) | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | C. Ganciclovir (Cytovene) | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | D. HIV vaccine | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ANSWER: A | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | β1-Adrenergic receptor site | | | stimulation causes all except | | | which one of the following? | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | A. Vasoconstriction | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | B. Tachycardia | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | C. Increased myocardial | | | contractility | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | D. Bronchoconstriction | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ANSWER: D | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | The annual mortality rate of | | | patients with asymptomatic | | | carotid bruit has been estimated | | | at 4%. | | | | | | The most likely cause of death is | | | which one of the following? | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | A. Non-hemorrhagic stroke | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | B. Hemorrhagic stroke | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | C. Subarachnoid hemorrhage | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | D. Complications of heart disease | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ANSWER: D | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Which one of the following is | | | most sensitive in distinguishing | | | a myocardial infarction from | | | unstable | | | | | | angina or non-cardiac chest pain? | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | A. Elevation of the ST segment on | | | the electrocardiogram | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | B. Echocardiogram | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | C. Elevated serum cardiac enzymes | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | D. Depression of the ST segment | | | on exercise stress testing | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ANSWER: C | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | All but which one of the | | | following may be indicated for | | | the management of congestive | | | heart failure? | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | A. α-Adrenergic antagonists | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | B. Digitalis | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | C. The calcium channel blocker | | | diltiazem (Cardizem) | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | D. β-Adrenergic antagonists | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ANSWER: C | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Which one of the following does | | | not increase serum high-density | | | lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)? | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | A. Aerobic exercise | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | B. Moderate alcohol consumption | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | C. Gemfibrozil (Lopid) | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | D. Lovastatin (Mevacor) | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ANSWER: D | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Hypercholesterolemia is a risk | | | factor for all but which one of | | | the following? | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | A. Arteritic ischemic optic | | | neuropathy | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | B. Ischemic heart disease | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | C. Cerebrovascular disease | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | D. Peripheral vascular disease | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ANSWER: A | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Which one of the following is | | | most indicative of restrictive | | | pulmonary disease? | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | A. Abnormal-appearing chest | | | radiograph | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | B. FEV1 less than 80% predicted | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | C. Low PO2 in arterial blood gas | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | D. Total lung capacity less than | | | 70% predicted | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ANSWER: D | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Which one of the following is the | | | best test to monitor heparin | | | therapy? | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | A. Prothrombin time (PT) | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | B. Partial thromboplastin time | | | (PTT) | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | C. Bleeding time | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | D. Platelet count | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ANSWER: B | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Which one of the following is not | | | used to dissolve existing clots? | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | A. Streptokinase | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | B. Urokinase | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | C. Heparin | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | D. Tissue plasminogen activator | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ANSWER: C | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Which one of the following | | | statements is not correct about | | | rheumatoid arthritis? | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | A. It tends to affect the large | | | joints. | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | B. Approximately 80% of patients | | | are positive for rheumatoid | | | factor. | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | C. Stiffness at rest often | | | improves with use. | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | D. Extra-articular disease may be | | | found. | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ANSWER: A | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | A 50-year-old white male presents | | | with acute nongranulomatous | | | anterior uveitis. He has had | | | | | | chronic back pain for years. | | | Which one of the following does | | | NOT fit with his clinical | | | syndrome? | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | A. Sacroiliitis on radiography | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | B. Spinal ankylosis on | | | radiography | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | C. Positive HLA-DR4 | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | D. Restrictive lung disease | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ANSWER: C | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Which one of the following is the | | | most common ophthalmologic | | | manifestation of systemic | | | | | | lupus erythematosus? | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | A. Cranial nerve palsies | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | B. Retinal vascular disease | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | C. Cortical blindness | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | D. Sjögren's syndrome | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ANSWER: B | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Renal disease is associated with | | | all but which one of the | | | following diseases? | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | A. Rheumatoid arthritis | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | B. Scleroderma | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | C. Polyarteritis nodosa | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | D. Wegener granulomatosis | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ANSWER: A | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Which one of the following is | | | most effective for treating | | | Wegener granulomatosis? | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | A. Aspirin | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | B. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory | | | agents | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | C. Cyclophosphamide | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | D. Methotrexate | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ANSWER: C | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | The definitive test for giant | | | cell arteritis is which one of | | | the following? | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | A. Wintrobe sedimentation rate | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | B. Westergren sedimentation rate | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | C. C-reactive protein | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | D. Temporal artery biopsy | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ANSWER: D | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | In addition to uveitis, with or | | | without hypopyon, which one of | | | the following is the most common | | | | | | ophthalmic manifestation of | | | Behcet's syndrome? | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | A. Glaucoma | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | B. Retinal vasculitis | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | C. Corneal disease | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | D. Eyelid ulcers | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ANSWER: B | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory | | | agents include all but which one | | | of the following? | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | A. Aspirin | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | B. Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | C. Cyclosporine | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | D. Rofecoxib (Vioxx) | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ANSWER: C | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Type 2 diabetes is characterized | | | by all but which one of the | | | following? | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | A. Genetic predisposition | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | B. Low basal insulin secretion | | | early in the disease | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | C. Later age of onset than with | | | type 1 diabetes | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | D. Increased visceral fat | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ANSWER: B | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | The Diabetes Control and | | | Complications Trial showed a | | | decreased risk of all but which | | | one of the following? | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | A. Hypoglycemia | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | B. Development and progression of | | | retinopathy | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | C. Development and progression of | | | nephropathy | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | D. Development and progression of | | | neuropathy | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ANSWER: A | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Which one of the following is not | | | used to diagnose diabetes | | | mellitus? | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | A. Random blood glucose exceeding | | | 200 mg/dL | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | B. Glucose level exceeding 200 | | | mg/dL during glucose tolerance | | | test | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | C. Glycosylated hemoglobin | | | (HbA1c) | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | D. Fasting serum glucose | | | exceeding 126 mg/Dl | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ANSWER: C | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Which one of the following | | | choices is preferred for a | | | diabetic patient about to undergo | | | major surgery? | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | A. Light breakfast with full | | | regular insulin dose in early AM | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | B. Fasting with reduced insulin | | | dose in AM | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | C. Fasting, withhold insulin, and | | | in preoperative area start a | | | dextrose IV and give half of an | | | insulin dose | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | D. Switch from insulin to oral | | | hypoglycemic agent preoperatively | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ANSWER: C | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | The most sensitive and specific | | | test(s) for screening for thyroid | | | disease is which one of the | | | following choices? | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | A. T3 level | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | B. Free T4 and sensitive TSH | | | levels | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | C. Radioactive iodine uptake | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | D. Thyroid-binding globulin level | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ANSWER: B | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Which one of the following ocular | | | structures is the most | | | radiosensitive? | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | A. Lens | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | B. Cornea | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | C. Retina | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | D. Optic nerve | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ANSWER: A | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Cancer is predominantly a genetic | | | disease. Which one of the | | | following cancers may have a | | | viral cause? | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | A. Breast | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | B. Colon | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | C. Lung | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | D. Cervical | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ANSWER: D | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Which one of the following | | | statements is not correct about | | | bipolar disorder, formerly known | | | as | | | | | | manic depression? | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | A. It is the most common form of | | | depression. | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | B. There may be alternating | | | periods of depression and | | | elevated mood. | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | C. It is treated with | | | psychotherapy. | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | D. It is treated with lithium. | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ANSWER: A | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Which one of the following best | | | describes the patient who claims | | | to be unable to work but has no | | | | | | organic basis for visual loss? | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | A. Conversion disorder | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | B. Hypochondriasis | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | C. Factitious disorder | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | D. Malingering | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ANSWER: D | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Fetal alcohol syndrome includes | | | all but which one of the | | | following? | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | A. Blepharophimosis | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | B. Cataract | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | C. Telecanthus | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | D. Optic nerve hypoplasia | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ANSWER: B | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | The barbiturates have all but | | | which one of the following | | | effects? | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | A. Sedative | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | B. Hypnotic | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | C. Antidepressive | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | D. Anticonvulsive | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ANSWER: C | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Antidepressants include all but | | | which one of the following? | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | A. Lithium | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | B. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | C. Fluoxetine (Prozac) | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | D. Haloperidol (Haldol) | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ANSWER: D | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Parkinson disease is | | | characterized by all but which | | | one of the following? | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | A. Increased rigidity | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | B. Excess dopamine production | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | C. Potential worsening of | | | symptoms with neuroleptic drugs | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | D. Loss of neurons in the | | | substantia nigra | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ANSWER: B | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Alzheimer disease is | | | characterized by all but which | | | one of the following? | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | A. Neurofibrillary tangles | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | B. Progressive dementia in later | | | life | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | C. A toxic cause in most cases | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | D. Extraneuronal amyloid plaques | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ANSWER: C | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Vaccines are currently available | | | for all but which one of the | | | following? | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | A. Rabies | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | B. Influenza types A and B | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | C. Meningococcus | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | D. Haemophilus influenza | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ANSWER: A | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Which one of the following would | | | argue against widespread | | | screening for a disease? | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | A. It is treatable or | | | preventable. | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | B. It has a low prevalence. | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | C. It is generally asymptomatic. | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | D. The cost of the disease and | | | its complications is high. | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ANSWER: B | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Which one of the following is not | | | a risk factor for breast cancer? | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | A. Fibrocystic disease | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | B. First-degree relative with | | | breast cancer | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | C. Early menarche | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | D. Nulliparity | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ANSWER: A | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Routine childhood vaccinations | | | include all but which one of the | | | following? | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | A. HiB | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | B. Varivax | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | C. HepB | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | D. Influenza | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ANSWER: D | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Which one of the following should | | | be immediately available during | | | an edrophonium (Tensilon) test? | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | A. Atropine sulfate | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | B. Epinephrine | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | C. Pyridostigmine (Mestinon) | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | D. Propranolol | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ANSWER: A | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | An anesthesiologist would avoid | | | which one of the following in a | | | patient with history of malignant | | | | | | hyperthermia? | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | A. Thiopental sodium | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | B. Nitrous oxide | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | C. Midazolam (Versed) | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | D. Succinylcholine | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ANSWER: D | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Which one of the following | | | medications would be the most | | | important for a preoperative | | | patient to | | | | | | take the morning of surgery? | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | A. Antihypertensive agent | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | B. Digoxin | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | C. Thyroid medication | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | D. Estrogen supplements | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ANSWER: A | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Which one of the following | | | studies would best demonstrate | | | the incidence of a disease? | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | A. Case series | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | B. Case-control study | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | C. Cohort study | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | D. Randomized, prospective, | | | controlled clinical trial | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ANSWER: C | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Advantages of interventional | | | studies include all but which one | | | of the following? | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | A. Low cost | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | B. Low risk of bias | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | C. Best way to establish efficacy | | | of treatment | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | D. Effective for establishing | | | rates of complications of | | | treatment | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ANSWER: A | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | For populations with a normal | | | distribution, the range of | | | observations with a mean ±3 | | | standard | | | | | | deviations would include what | | | percentage of observations? | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | A. 68.3% | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | B. 95.5% | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | C. 99.7% | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | D. 100% | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ANSWER: C | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Which one of the following | | | statistical tests would be best | | | for studying the effects of | | | gender, | | | | | | smoking, cholesterol levels, | | | blood pressure, diabetes, and | | | family history of heart disease | | | on the | | | | | | incidence of heart attack? | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | A. Student\'s t-test | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | B. Chi-square test | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | C. Analysis of variance | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | D. Multivariable analysis | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ANSWER: D | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Which of the following conditions | | | is most likely to be diagnosed of | | | diabetes mellitus? | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | A. Fasting plasma glucose of 110 | | | mg/dL | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | B. Random non-fasting plasma | | | glucose of 130 mg/dL | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | C. Random non-fasting HbA1C of | | | 7.0% | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | D. Two hours post-pandrial plasma | | | glucose of 150 mg/dL | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | E. Symptoms of polyuria for the | | | past one month | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ANSWER: C | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Which one of the following is NOT | | | a systemic feature of Acquired | | | Immune Deficiency Syndrome | | | (AIDS)? | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | A. Cerebral hemorrhage | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | B. Kaposi's Sarcoma | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | C. Pneumocystis carinii | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | D. Encephalomyelitis | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | E. Progressive dementia | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ANSWER: A | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Which of the following is the | | | common ophthalmic manifestation | | | of systemic lupus erythematosus | | | (SLE)? | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | A. Nodular scleritis | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | B. Recurrent anterior uveitis | | | with hypopyon | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | C. Disciform keratitis | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | D. Retinal and choroidal | | | microvascular lesions | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | E. Exophthalmos | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ANSWER: D | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Which of the following muscles | | | does NOT originate from the | | | annulus of Zinn? | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | A. Medial rectus | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | B. Lateral rectus | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | C. Superior rectus | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | D. Superior oblique | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | E. Inferior rectus | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ANSWER: D | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Which of the following bony | | | structures is NOT the part of | | | medial wall of the orbit? | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | A. Lamina papyracea | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | B. Frontal process of the maxilla | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | C. Greater wing of the sphenoid | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | D. Lacrimal bone | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | E. Orbital plate of the ethmoid | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ANSWER: C | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | The main mechanism for holding | | | the LASIK flap in place after | | | surgery is | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | A. endothelial-Descemet's | | | membrane interaction | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | B. adhesive property of the | | | stromal collagen fibers | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | C. adhesive property of the | | | extracellular mucopolysaccharides | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | D. endothelial pump | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | E. fibronectin and hemidesmosomes | | | of corneal epithelium | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ANSWER: D | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | All of the following structures | | | is derived from neural crest, | | | EXCEPT: | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | A. Corneal endothelium | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | B. Connective tissue of iris | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | C. Ciliary muscle | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | D. Crystalline lens | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | E. Ciliary ganglion | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ANSWER: D | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Patients with protanopia have | | | abnormal function of which of the | | | following cells? | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | A. L-cones (570 nm) | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | B. M-cones (540 nm) | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | C. S-cones (440 nm) | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | D. Amacrine cells | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | E. Retinal pigment epithelium | | | (RPE) | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ANSWER: A | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Which of the following pairs of | | | ophthalmic drug and its mechanism | | | of action is INCORRECT? | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | A. Latanoprost -- prostaglandin | | | F2 receptor agonist | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | B. Timolol -- beta adrenergic | | | agonist | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | C. Acetazolamide -- carbonic | | | anhydrase inhibitor | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | D. Gentamicin -- binding the 30S | | | subunit of bacterial ribosome | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | E. Moxifloxacin -- blocking | | | bacterial DNA gyrase enzyme | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ANSWER: B | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | All of the followings are | | | side-effects of oral carbonic | | | anhydrase inhibitors, EXCEPT | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | A. Dry mouth | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | B. Increased urination | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | C. Weight loss | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | D. Metabolic alkalosis | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | E. Paresthesia | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ANSWER: D | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Which of the following is NOT the | | | function of retinal pigment | | | epithelium (RPE)? | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | A. Maintain inner blood retinal | | | barrier | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | B. Phagocytosis of the | | | photoreceptor outer segments | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | C. Absorption of light (reduction | | | of scatter) | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | D. Vitamin A metabolism | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | E. Adhesion of the sensory retina | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ANSWER: A | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Mutations in the rhodopsin gene | | | are associated with which | | | inherited ocular disease? | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | A. Juvenile glaucoma | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | B. Leber optic neuropathy | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | C. Retinitis pigmentosa | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | D. Stargardt disease | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | E. Optic nerve pit | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ANSWER: C | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Chronic progressive external | | | ophthalmoplegia (CPEO) is a | | | disease with the mode of | | | transmission of | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | A. Autosomal dominant | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | B. Autosomal recessive | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | C. X-link recessive | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | D. X-link dominant | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | E. Mitochondrial transmission | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ANSWER: E | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Which statement is true regard to | | | the eyelids? | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | A. The tarsal plate is a | | | continuation of the orbital | | | septum | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | B. The meibomian glands secrete | | | mucin rich secretion | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | C. The orifices of the meibomian | | | glands are anterior to the root | | | of eyelashes | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | D. The lower lid is supplied by | | | the maxillary division of the | | | trigeminal nerve exclusively | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | E. There are more meibomian | | | glands in the lower than upper | | | lids | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ANSWER: A | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Which statement is true regard to | | | the lacrimal gland? | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | A. The palpebral part is larger | | | than the orbital part | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | B. Both palpebral and orbital | | | portions have ductules that open | | | separately into the conjunctiva | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | C. The ductules open into the | | | conjunctiva at the upper border | | | of the upper tarsus | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | D. Biopsy of the orbital part is | | | more likely to impair tear | | | production than biopsy of the | | | palpebral part | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | E. Lacks a true capsule | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ANSWER: E | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Acanthamoeba is classified as | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | A. Gram positive bacteria | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | B. Gram negative bacteria | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | C. Virus | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | D. Fungus | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | E. Protozoa | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ANSWER: E | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Phacoantigene endophthalmitis is | | | caused by: | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | A. Anaphylactic hypersensitivity | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | B. Mast cells and eosinophils | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | C. Granulomatous inflammation to | | | lens protein | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | D. Necrotiserende ontsteking | | | necrotizing inflammation | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | E. Antibody reaction to soluble | | | lens protein | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ANSWER: C | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Which of the following concerning | | | polar cataracts is CORRECT? | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | A. Anterior polar cataract | | | usually cause more visual | | | disturbance than posterior polar | | | cataracts | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | B. posterior polar cataracts have | | | been associated with remnants of | | | the tunica vasculosa lentis | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | C. both anterior and posterior | | | polar cataracts can be sporadic | | | or recessively inherited | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | D. posterior polar cataracts | | | invariably progress to complete | | | cataracts | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ANSWER: B | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | A dispersive viscoelastic used in | | | phacoemulsification has which of | | | the following properties? | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | A. adheres to and protects | | | endothelium from damage | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | B. easy to remove at end of case | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | C. retained viscoelastic does not | | | cause increase in IOP | | | postoperatively | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | D. prevents collapse of the | | | anterior chamber during high | | | vacuum | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ANSWER: A | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | During a complicated cataract | | | removal case, the lens and | | | capsular bag were both removed | | | and an anterior chamber lens was | | | placeD. The first day | | | postoperatively, the IOP is 50 | | | mmHg and the iris is bowed | | | forward around the IOP. Which of | | | the following measure would be | | | most effective? | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | A. topical glaucoma medications | | | and close observation | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | B. laser peripheral iridetomy | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | C. increased frequency of the | | | topical steroid | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | D. paracentesis to release | | | aqueous fluid | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ANSWER: B | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | A patient has with the rule | | | astigmatism. During uncomplicated | | | cataract surgery, a toric | | | posterior chamber intraocular | | | lens (IOP) is placed into the | | | capsular bag and aligned with the | | | astigmatism. The day following | | | surgery, the lens appears to have | | | rotated 90˚. Which of the | | | following statements is most | | | accurate? | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | A. lens explant is necessary | | | because the lens in not stable | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | B. the measured astigmatism has | | | increased | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | C. the lens should have been | | | placed in the ciliary sulcus | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | D. rotation of the lens can be | | | done anytime during the first 3 | | | months | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ANSWER: B | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Which of the following is NOT | | | associated with | | | microspherophakia? | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | A. small stature, stubdy fingers, | | | reduced joint mobility | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | B. alport's syndrome | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | C. congenital rubella | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | D. hyperlysinemia | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ANSWER: D | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | What is the cause for posterior | | | capsular opacification following | | | phacoemulsification and | | | implantation | | | | | | of an IOL? | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | A. fibrovascular ingrowth | | | stimulation by the lens | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | B. bacterial sequestration and | | | colonization | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | C. proliferation of residual lens | | | epithelium | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | D. toxicity of the IOL | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ANSWER: C | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Which of the following is NOT a | | | reported complication following | | | yttrium-aluminum-garnet (YAG) | | | | | | capsulotomy? | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | A. Iristis | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | B. Retinal detachment | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | C. Corneal edema | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | D. Subluxation of the lens | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ANSWER: C | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Which of the following is true | | | concerning the different designs | | | of phacoemulsification machines? | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | A. the peristaltic pump requires | | | a slow building of vacuum for | | | aspiration | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | B. the diaphragm pump allows | | | instantaneous vacuum | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | C. the venturi pump has stepwise | | | increases in vacuum | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | D. the speed of rollers in the | | | peristaltic pump allows linear | | | control of vacuum | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ANSWER: D | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Excessive iris prolapse during | | | extracapsular cataract extraction | | | via phacoemulsification may be | | | | | | caused by all of the following | | | EXCEPT: | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | A. infusion bottle height high | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | B. would size too large for | | | phacoemulsification tip | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | C. excessive phacoemulsification | | | power | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | D. suprachoroidal hemorrhage | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ANSWER: C | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | A 60-years-old man successfully | | | undergoes phacoemulsification of | | | the nuclear sclerotic cataract | | | | | | in his right eyE. The surgeon | | | accidentally leaves a moderate | | | amount of viscoelastic in his | | | eye. | | | | | | How long after completion of the | | | case might be patient experience | | | a significant spike in IOP? | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | A. 30 minutes | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | B. 4 hours | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | C. 10 hours | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | D. 24 hours | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ANSWER: B | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | A patient with the preoperative | | | refraction OD of -3.00 + 2.00 x | | | 90 has a visually significant | | | | | | cataract in this eyE. Keratometry | | | is 40.00 @ 180 and 42.00 @ 90. | | | Which length and location of | | | | | | the cataract scleral tunnel might | | | help decrease the amount of late | | | postoperative astigmatism for the | | | patient? | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | A. 3.5-mm scleral incision | | | superiorly | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | B. 6.0-mm scleral incision | | | superiorly | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | C. 3.5-mm scleral incision | | | temporally | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | D. 6.0-mm scleral incision | | | temporally | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ANSWER: B | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | After removal of the anterior | | | chamber IOL, you decide to place | | | a scleral-sutured posterior | | | chamber IOL. | | | | | | The needle should be passed | | | approximately how far posterior | | | to the limbus? | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | A. 2.0 mm | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | B. 1.5 mm | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | C. 0.75 mm | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | D. 0.25 mm | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ANSWER: C | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | What is the incidence of clinical | | | cystoid macular edema following | | | uncomplicated extracapsular | | | | | | cataract extraction? | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | A. less than 1% | | +-------------------