Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a characteristic symptom of a stroke that affects one side of the body?
What is a characteristic symptom of a stroke that affects one side of the body?
- Hemorrhage and seizures
- Confusion and transient loss of consciousness
- Global neurological dysfunction
- Unilateral weakness of the face, arm, and leg (correct)
What is the primary basis for the Bamford classification system for ischemic stroke?
What is the primary basis for the Bamford classification system for ischemic stroke?
- Radiographical imaging
- Presenting symptoms and clinical signs (correct)
- Location of the brain affected
- Age and medical history of the patient
What distinguishes a total anterior circulation stroke (TACS) from a partial anterior circulation stroke (PACS)?
What distinguishes a total anterior circulation stroke (TACS) from a partial anterior circulation stroke (PACS)?
- Duration of the stroke
- Location of the brain affected
- Age of the patient
- Severity of the stroke (correct)
What is a characteristic feature of global neurological dysfunction?
What is a characteristic feature of global neurological dysfunction?
What is a condition that may mimic a stroke?
What is a condition that may mimic a stroke?
What are the three requirements for a diagnosis of total anterior circulation stroke (TACS)?
What are the three requirements for a diagnosis of total anterior circulation stroke (TACS)?
What is the minimum number of symptoms required for a diagnosis of PACS?
What is the minimum number of symptoms required for a diagnosis of PACS?
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of POCS?
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of POCS?
What is the primary characteristic of a lacunar stroke?
What is the primary characteristic of a lacunar stroke?
What is the term for a stroke that involves the middle cerebral artery?
What is the term for a stroke that involves the middle cerebral artery?
What is the purpose of the ABCD2 score?
What is the purpose of the ABCD2 score?
What percentage of stroke cases are hemorrhagic strokes?
What percentage of stroke cases are hemorrhagic strokes?
What is the term for a sudden loss of brain function?
What is the term for a sudden loss of brain function?
What is the term for a temporary loss of brain function?
What is the term for a temporary loss of brain function?
What is the term for a blockage of a small artery deep in the brain?
What is the term for a blockage of a small artery deep in the brain?
What is the term for a stroke that involves the posterior circulation?
What is the term for a stroke that involves the posterior circulation?
What is the condition in which amyloid proteins build up on the walls of the arteries in the brain?
What is the condition in which amyloid proteins build up on the walls of the arteries in the brain?
What is the term for a bulge in a blood vessel caused by a weakness in the blood vessel wall?
What is the term for a bulge in a blood vessel caused by a weakness in the blood vessel wall?
What is the type of hemorrhagic stroke that occurs when a blood vessel on the surface of the brain ruptures and bleeds into the space between the brain and the skull?
What is the type of hemorrhagic stroke that occurs when a blood vessel on the surface of the brain ruptures and bleeds into the space between the brain and the skull?
What is the term for an abnormal tangle of blood vessels connecting arteries and veins that can disrupt normal blood flow and oxygen circulation?
What is the term for an abnormal tangle of blood vessels connecting arteries and veins that can disrupt normal blood flow and oxygen circulation?
What is the term for bleeding into the tissue deep within the brain?
What is the term for bleeding into the tissue deep within the brain?
What is the imaging test commonly used to diagnose hemorrhagic stroke?
What is the imaging test commonly used to diagnose hemorrhagic stroke?
What is the term for a procedure where a tiny clamp is placed at the base of an aneurysm to halt blood flow to it?
What is the term for a procedure where a tiny clamp is placed at the base of an aneurysm to halt blood flow to it?
What is the term for a procedure where tiny detachable coils are inserted into the aneurysm using a catheter?
What is the term for a procedure where tiny detachable coils are inserted into the aneurysm using a catheter?
What is the term for the removal of an AVM surgically?
What is the term for the removal of an AVM surgically?
What is the time window for IV thrombolysis or endovascular thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke?
What is the time window for IV thrombolysis or endovascular thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke?
What is a necessary condition for initiating thrombolysis in a patient with ischemic stroke symptoms?
What is a necessary condition for initiating thrombolysis in a patient with ischemic stroke symptoms?
What is a contraindication for IV thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke?
What is a contraindication for IV thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke?
What is the recommended time frame for initiating thrombolysis treatment?
What is the recommended time frame for initiating thrombolysis treatment?
What is the recommended next step if a patient's stroke symptoms persist after glucose normalization?
What is the recommended next step if a patient's stroke symptoms persist after glucose normalization?
What is the primary agent used for thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke?
What is the primary agent used for thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke?
What is a consideration for exclusion from thrombolysis?
What is a consideration for exclusion from thrombolysis?
What is the recommended procedure for removing a thrombus under image guidance?
What is the recommended procedure for removing a thrombus under image guidance?
What is a consideration for thrombolysis between 4.5 and 9 hours?
What is a consideration for thrombolysis between 4.5 and 9 hours?
What is a contraindication for IV thrombolysis if a patient has taken a novel oral anticoagulant (DOAC)?
What is a contraindication for IV thrombolysis if a patient has taken a novel oral anticoagulant (DOAC)?
What is the recommended approach if a patient has a wake-up stroke or unknown time of onset?
What is the recommended approach if a patient has a wake-up stroke or unknown time of onset?
What is the primary goal of emergency treatment for hemorrhagic stroke?
What is the primary goal of emergency treatment for hemorrhagic stroke?
What is the recommended time window for deciding on IV thrombolysis or endovascular thrombectomy?
What is the recommended time window for deciding on IV thrombolysis or endovascular thrombectomy?
What is the minimum age requirement for IV thrombolysis treatment?
What is the minimum age requirement for IV thrombolysis treatment?
What is the primary benefit of administering IV tPA in acute ischemic stroke?
What is the primary benefit of administering IV tPA in acute ischemic stroke?
What is the recommended time for follow-up CT brain after thrombolysis or thrombectomy?
What is the recommended time for follow-up CT brain after thrombolysis or thrombectomy?
What is the primary goal of stroke unit care?
What is the primary goal of stroke unit care?
What is the primary mechanism of action of thrombolytic agents in acute ischemic stroke?
What is the primary mechanism of action of thrombolytic agents in acute ischemic stroke?
What is the primary complication of immobility in stroke patients?
What is the primary complication of immobility in stroke patients?
What is the primary goal of aspirin administration after thrombolysis or thrombectomy?
What is the primary goal of aspirin administration after thrombolysis or thrombectomy?
What is the primary method of blood clot removal in thrombectomy?
What is the primary method of blood clot removal in thrombectomy?
Study Notes
Stroke Diagnosis and Classification
• Stroke presents with abrupt onset, focal neurological signs, and symptoms, often affecting one side of the body. • The Bamford classification system is commonly used to classify ischemic stroke into: + Total Anterior Circulation Stroke (TACS) + Partial Anterior Circulation Stroke (PACS) + Posterior Circulation Syndrome (POCS) + Lacunar Stroke (LACS) • Each type of stroke has specific diagnostic criteria, including symptoms and signs.
Conditions that Mimic Stroke
• Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) • Seizure • Migraine • Hypoglycemia • Hypotension • Brain neoplasm • CNS infections • Each of these conditions has distinct characteristics and features that can help distinguish them from stroke.
Hemorrhagic Stroke
• Accounts for about 13% of stroke cases • Caused by a weakened vessel that ruptures and bleeds into the surrounding brain • The most common causes of hemorrhagic stroke are: + Hypertension + Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy (CAA) + Aneurysm + Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM) • Emergency treatment focuses on controlling bleeding and reducing pressure in the brain.
Treatment Options for Acute Ischemic Stroke
• Thrombolysis • Thrombectomy • The care team should decide if IV thrombolysis or endovascular thrombectomy is indicated within 30 minutes after arrival in hospital. • IV thrombolysis treatment should be implemented provided that: + Treatment can be initiated within 4.5 hours of last known well time (LKWT) + Patient is ≥ 18 years + No exclusion criteria are present • Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is the thrombolytic agent used to break down blood clots.
Post-Stroke Complications
• Delirium • Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)/Pulmonary Embolism (PE) • Pneumonia • Infections • Aspiration • Bowel/bladder dysfunction • Myocardial infarction • Heart failure • Pressure injuries • Depression • Pain • These complications can arise following a stroke, and healthcare professionals must seek to prevent them and detect them early to initiate treatment.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
This quiz helps identify conditions that mimic stroke symptoms, including seizures, migraines, hypoglycemia, and brain neoplasms. Learn to differentiate stroke from other causes of focal neurological signs and symptoms.
