Stress

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Questions and Answers

What is stress according to McGrath (1970)?

General response of the organism to any stressor stimulus or stressful situation

Situations that require strong demands for the individual and can consume his/her coping resources

Substantial unbalance (perceived) between the demands and response capacity (correct)

Automatic response of the organism to any environmental change

What are vulnerability factors to stress?

Strong social support

High levels of emotional intelligence

Effective coping strategies

Perceived lack of control over a situation (correct)

What is the definition of stress according to Brengelmann (1987)?

Negative emotional experience accompanied by predictable biochemical, physiological, cognitive, and behavioral changes

General response of the organism to any stressor stimulus or stressful situation

Situations that require strong demands for the individual and can consume his/her coping resources (correct)

Automatic response of the organism to any environmental change

According to Seyle (1936), what is stress?

General response of the organism to any stressor stimulus or stressful situation Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)?

To assess both trait and state anxiety using 20 items for each Signup and view all the answers

How are the items in the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) rated?

On a 4-point scale Signup and view all the answers

What does a higher score in the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) indicate?

Greater anxiety Signup and view all the answers

How does anxiety differ from stress?

Anxiety continues even after the stressful event has disappeared, while stress requires the presence of a stressful factor or event Signup and view all the answers

What is odontophobia?

Dental fear Signup and view all the answers

According to Appukuttan (2016), what strategies can be used to manage patients with dental anxiety?

Psychotherapy and communication improvement Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advice for dentists in dealing with dental fear according to Appukuttan (2016)?

Improving communication skills Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)?

To assess both trait and state anxiety using 20 items for each Signup and view all the answers

Which model of stress includes the stages of alarm, resistance, and exhaustion?

Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) model Signup and view all the answers

Which stress theory emphasizes the cognitive interpretation and perception of potentially stressful events?

Lazarus's transactional model Signup and view all the answers

Which theory associates stress 'points' with events requiring major life adjustments?

Holmes and Rahe's major life events theory Signup and view all the answers

Which model of stress involves primary appraisal, secondary appraisal, and re-appraisal?

Lazarus's transactional model Signup and view all the answers

Which stress theory introduced the concept of stress in physiology and developed the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) model?

Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) model Signup and view all the answers

Which theory of stress emphasizes physiological responses and consequences in its stages of alarm, resistance, and exhaustion?

Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) model Signup and view all the answers

Which stress theory focuses on the correlation between stress points and serious illnesses?

Holmes and Rahe's major life events theory Signup and view all the answers

Which theory of stress emphasizes the cognitive interpretation and perception of potentially stressful events?

Lazarus's transactional model Signup and view all the answers

Which model of stress involves evaluating the potential danger, available resources, and incorporating new information?

Lazarus's transactional model Signup and view all the answers

Which theory of stress associates stress 'points' with events requiring major life adjustments?

Holmes and Rahe's major life events theory Signup and view all the answers

Which model of stress includes the stages of alarm, resistance, and exhaustion?

Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) model Signup and view all the answers

What psychological state involves constant worry about the disease, perceiving any sign as an essential part of the illness, and seeking others' approval of its severity?

Anxious worry Signup and view all the answers

Which coping intervention involves acceptance of a problem, mindfulness, and commitment to behavior change without directly challenging thoughts?

Acceptance/Commitment Theory (ACT) Signup and view all the answers

What does mindfulness meditation engage in the brain, regulating affect and downregulating activity in the limbic areas related to anxiety and negative emotions?

Prefrontal cortical regions Signup and view all the answers

Which psychological state leads to a pessimistic attitude, with feelings of hopelessness and a lack of coping strategies, resulting in a depressive emotional tone?

Hopelessness Signup and view all the answers

What is the main effect of relaxation training, such as deep breathing and yoga, on the physiological experience of stress?

Reduces arousal Signup and view all the answers

What is anxiety?

An emotion associated with feelings of tension, worried thoughts, and physical changes like increased blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes state anxiety from trait anxiety?

State anxiety refers to transient feelings of anxiety, while trait anxiety is an individual's predisposition to respond with state anxiety in threatening situations Signup and view all the answers

How is anxiety diagnosed?

Through clinical interviews concerning signs and symptoms and psychological tests, questionnaires, and scales Signup and view all the answers

Which symptoms are associated with anxiety?

Excessive preoccupation and fast pulse Signup and view all the answers

What does state anxiety refer to?

Transient feelings of anxiety Signup and view all the answers

In what situations can anxiety appear?

In both real and unreal situations Signup and view all the answers

What is the cognitive component related to anxiety?

Interpretation of stressful situations Signup and view all the answers

Which system prompts a flight-or-fight response, increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and sweating?

Sympathetic-adrenomedullary (SAM) system Signup and view all the answers

What does the Holmes and Rahe scale indicate with over 300 points?

80% chance of a health breakdown Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is released by the HPA axis to aid the body in returning to its steady state after stress?

Cortisol Signup and view all the answers

What influences an individual's vulnerability to stress?

Perception of the relationship between the importance of consequences and available resources Signup and view all the answers

What are vulnerability factors to stress?

Higher exposure to stress, inadequate stress-absorbers, and disproportionate reactivity to stress Signup and view all the answers

What are protection factors against stress?

Healthy lifestyle, positive self-esteem, self-control, and social support Signup and view all the answers

What does coping refer to?

Strategies for dealing with threats Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main coping styles mentioned?

Avoidant and approach Signup and view all the answers

What did Moorey & Greer identify as coping strategies?

Fighting spirit, avoidance/negation, and passive survival schemes Signup and view all the answers

What do active coping strategies involve?

Accepting the diagnosis with optimism Signup and view all the answers

What do passive coping strategies involve?

Minimizing the severity of the disease Signup and view all the answers

Which coping intervention involves acceptance of a problem, mindfulness, and commitment to behavior change without directly challenging thoughts?

Acceptance/Commitment Theory (ACT) Signup and view all the answers

What does mindfulness meditation engage in the brain, regulating affect and downregulating activity in the limbic areas related to anxiety and negative emotions?

Prefrontal cortical regions Signup and view all the answers

What is the main effect of relaxation training, such as deep breathing and yoga, on the physiological experience of stress?

Reduces blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

Which psychological state involves constant worry about the disease, perceiving any sign as an essential part of the illness, and seeking others' approval of its severity?

Anxious worry Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes state anxiety from trait anxiety?

Duration of the anxiety Signup and view all the answers

Which symptoms are associated with anxiety?

Excessive preoccupation and fast pulse Signup and view all the answers

What is anxiety diagnosed through?

Clinical interviews and psychological tests Signup and view all the answers

What does anxiety manifest as?

A mental disorder Signup and view all the answers

What does state anxiety refer to?

Transient feelings of anxiety Signup and view all the answers

What is the cognitive component related to anxiety?

Interpretation of stressful situations Signup and view all the answers

What does fatalism involve?

Resigned and fatalist attitude towards diagnosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the emotion associated with feelings of tension, worried thoughts, and physical changes like increased blood pressure, acting as a warning signal for impending danger or harm?

Anxiety Signup and view all the answers

What does the Holmes and Rahe scale indicate with over 300 points?

An 80% chance of a health breakdown Signup and view all the answers

Which system prompts a flight-or-fight response, increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and sweating?

Sympathetic-adrenomedullary (SAM) system Signup and view all the answers

What does the HPA axis release to aid the body in returning to its steady state after stress?

Cortisol Signup and view all the answers

What is the main effect of the sympathetic-adrenomedullary (SAM) system?

Triggering a flight-or-fight response Signup and view all the answers

What influences an individual's vulnerability to stress?

Perception of the relationship between consequences and available resources Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a coping style mentioned in the text?

Problem-focused and emotion-focused Signup and view all the answers

What are vulnerability factors to stress?

Disproportionate reactivity to stress Signup and view all the answers

What does coping refer to?

Strategies for dealing with threats Signup and view all the answers

What did Moorey & Greer identify as coping strategies?

Fighting spirit, avoidance/negation, and passive survival schemes Signup and view all the answers

What do active coping strategies involve?

Accepting the issue with optimism Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)?

Assessing long-term anxiety tendencies Signup and view all the answers

Which model of stress includes the stages of alarm, resistance, and exhaustion?

General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) model Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Holmes and Rahe scale?

To measure stress Signup and view all the answers

Which systems are triggered by stress?

SAM and HPA Signup and view all the answers

What does the SAM system prompt in response to stress?

Flight-or-fight response Signup and view all the answers

What does the HPA axis release in response to stress?

Cortisol Signup and view all the answers

What influences vulnerability to stress?

Perception of consequences and available resources Signup and view all the answers

What are vulnerability factors to stress?

Higher exposure to stress Signup and view all the answers

What are protection factors against stress?

Social support Signup and view all the answers

What does coping refer to?

Strategies for dealing with threats Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main coping styles mentioned?

Avoidant and approach Signup and view all the answers

Who identified five coping strategies, including fighting spirit and avoidance/negation?

Moorey & Greer Signup and view all the answers

What do active coping strategies involve?

Accepting the diagnosis with optimism Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of stress on the brain?

Not specified in the given information Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Understanding Stress, Vulnerability, and Coping Strategies

Stress can be measured using the Holmes and Rahe scale, with over 300 points indicating an 80% chance of a health breakdown.
Stress triggers two systems: the sympathetic-adrenomedullary (SAM) system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis.
The SAM system prompts a flight-or-fight response, increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and sweating.
The HPA axis releases cortisol, conserving carbohydrates and aiding the body in returning to its steady state after stress.
Stress affects the brain, as shown in a TED-Ed video.
Vulnerability to stress is influenced by an individual's perception of the relationship between the importance of consequences and available resources.
Vulnerability factors to stress include higher exposure to stress, inadequate stress-absorbers, and disproportionate reactivity to stress.
Protection factors against stress include a healthy lifestyle, positive self-esteem, self-control, and social support.
Coping refers to strategies for dealing with threats and includes physical, psychological, structural, social, and cultural aspects.
Coping styles can be avoidant or approach, with problem-focused and emotion-focused coping strategies.
Moorey & Greer identified five coping strategies, including fighting spirit, avoidance/negation, and passive survival schemes.
Active coping strategies, such as fighting spirit, involve accepting the diagnosis with optimism, while passive strategies, like avoidance/negation, involve minimizing the severity of the disease.

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Description

Test your knowledge of stress, vulnerability, and coping strategies with this informative quiz. Explore the impact of stress on the body, vulnerability factors, and protective measures. Gain insight into coping styles and strategies for dealing with stress.