30 Questions
What type of measures are taken during the resting period in the Disease Testing paradigm?
Baseline measures
Which physiological responses are recorded during the Stress task period in the study?
Stress response measures
What did the study participants do during the long-term (1h) stress period?
Played video games
What type of participants were selected based on BDHI scores for this study?
Participants with hostility
Which physiological parameter showed differences between High Hostility and Low Hostility groups during the Math Task?
Systolic BP
What was the main finding regarding participants' response to the math task based on systolic blood pressure?
HiHo SBP decreased as questions got more difficult
What type of comments were found to be more vulgar in the study?
Vulgar comments
Which group showed the highest increase in Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP)?
High Hostility/Harassment
What can repeated harassment with a high increase in SBP cause?
Increased vascular problems
In terms of Forearm Blood Flow, which group showed the highest increase?
High Hostility/Harassment
What impact did family history have on cardiac output during harassment?
Varying impact based on harassment type
Which scenario showed a critical vulnerability due to the interaction of hostility and family history?
High Hostility/Harassment without family history
What was the primary effect of harassment on cardiac output during the study?
Varied changes based on harassment type
Which group experienced constant strain on the vascular system during trial 3?
(PH+)HiHo group
During the study, both HiHo and LoHo groups experienced a decrease in Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) when faced with harassment.
False
Family history did not play a role in the increase of cardiac output during harassment for the participants with high hostility.
False
The group subjected to harassment with high hostility experienced the highest increase in Forearm Blood Flow throughout the study.
True
Repeated harassment with a high increase in Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) can lead to a decrease in vascular problems due to the body adapting to the stress.
False
Participants without family history and low hostility showed significant differences in cardiac output compared to those with family history and high hostility during harassment.
False
What is the greatest cause of death in women according to the text?
Heart disease
Which race is mentioned to be at greater risk of heart disease even before menopause?
Black women
What is mentioned as the greatest risk factor for heart disease in the Psychological category?
Hostility/anger
What do individuals tend to do when under stress that can lead to adverse health effects?
Perform unhealthy behaviors
Which factor is not highlighted as a biological risk factor for diseases in the text?
Socioeconomic status
In the context of stress and diseases, what is highlighted as a key environmental factor?
Psychosocial stress
Match the physiological response with the corresponding condition from the study:
Highest increase in Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) = HiHo/Har Increase in SBP (less than HiHo) = LoHo/Har No increase in SBP = PH-HiHo Greatest increase in Cardiac Output = PH+HiHo
Match the scenario with the corresponding consequences on the vascular system:
Repeated harassment with high SBP increase = Vascular problems Constant strain on vascular system = HiHo/Har Extra pressure on vascular system = Harassment Putting strain on vascular system during trial 3 = HiHo/Har
Match the group with their response in terms of Cardiac Output and Forearm Blood Flow:
Similar cardiac output, no harassment = No harassment Greatest increase in cardiac output = PH+HiHo Highest increase in Forearm Blood Flow = HiHo/Har Critical vulnerability due to hostility and family history = Hostility x Fhx
Match the type of comments with their respective groups from the study:
Nicer comments = LoHo had More vulgar comments = HiHo had Criticism escalating to insults = Harassment protocol Overhearing conversation to change experimenter = Participant gets hooked up
Match the impact on physiological parameters with the corresponding factor from the study:
Low change, no differences observed = LoHo/Har Vulnerability indicated by interaction of hostility and family history = Hostility x Fhx Similar to rest condition = No harassment Greatest cause for increased cardiac output with harassment = Family history
Study Notes
Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease
- Family history increases the risk of cardiovascular disease
- Race and gender are also risk factors, with heart disease being the biggest cause of death in women
- White women are protected until menopause, while black women are at greater risk even before menopause
Psychological Risk Factors
- Hostility and anger are the greatest risk factors for heart disease
- Anxiety, depression, and interpersonal conflicts also contribute to the risk
- Behavioural and physical factors, such as diet and physical inactivity, also play a role
- Environmental factors include psychosocial stress, physical stress, and dietary factors
Psychophysiological Reactivity Model
- Exposure to stress leads to physiological responses, which can result in disease if repeated
- The model consists of three stages: exposure to stress, physiological response, and disease
- The rate of recovery from stress may be more important than the stress response itself
Stress Study
- Participants were selected based on their hostility levels, as measured by BDHI scores
- The study involved a 1-hour stress task, during which physiological responses were recorded
- The study found that high hostility and low hostility groups had similar systolic blood pressure and cardiac output at rest
- The math task used in the study did not effectively tap into the concept of hostility
- Interpersonal conflict may be a more effective way to induce anger in participants
Test your knowledge on the relationship between stress, diseases, and cardiovascular responses, including risk factors such as family history, race, gender, psychological factors like hostility and anxiety, and environmental influences. Explore how these factors interact to impact health outcomes.
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