Podcast
Questions and Answers
What effect does norepinephrine have on the respiratory system?
What effect does norepinephrine have on the respiratory system?
- It decreases the breathing rate.
- It induces hypoventilation.
- It causes irregular breathing patterns.
- It increases the breathing rate and bronchodilates. (correct)
Which symptom is NOT associated with the gastrointestinal effects of stress?
Which symptom is NOT associated with the gastrointestinal effects of stress?
- Increased peristalsis.
- Nausea/vomiting.
- Hyperactive bowel sounds.
- Increased appetite. (correct)
Which condition is indicated by prolonged tension in the musculoskeletal system?
Which condition is indicated by prolonged tension in the musculoskeletal system?
- Muscle spasms in back, shoulders, and neck. (correct)
- Enhanced strength in smaller muscles.
- Decreased muscle tension overall.
- Increased flexibility in larger muscles.
Which cardiovascular symptom is specifically linked to the effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine?
Which cardiovascular symptom is specifically linked to the effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine?
What nonverbal signs should a nurse observe for in a patient with ineffective coping?
What nonverbal signs should a nurse observe for in a patient with ineffective coping?
Which of the following are sources of clinical stress for nurses?
Which of the following are sources of clinical stress for nurses?
What potential health issues can chronic stress contribute to?
What potential health issues can chronic stress contribute to?
How does moderate anxiety manifest in an individual?
How does moderate anxiety manifest in an individual?
Which condition is primarily a physiological response to a stimulus?
Which condition is primarily a physiological response to a stimulus?
What is a common characteristic of severe anxiety?
What is a common characteristic of severe anxiety?
What can be an effect of stress on the immune system?
What can be an effect of stress on the immune system?
Which of the following is not listed as a source of stress for patients?
Which of the following is not listed as a source of stress for patients?
What degree of anxiety is Mrs. Jones experiencing if she cannot perform daily tasks due to worrying about her sick brother?
What degree of anxiety is Mrs. Jones experiencing if she cannot perform daily tasks due to worrying about her sick brother?
Which nursing diagnosis is specifically related to the emotional toll of caregiving?
Which nursing diagnosis is specifically related to the emotional toll of caregiving?
What is a key benefit of regular exercise in managing stress?
What is a key benefit of regular exercise in managing stress?
Which method uses imagination to help reduce stress?
Which method uses imagination to help reduce stress?
What is essential in managing time effectively to reduce stress?
What is essential in managing time effectively to reduce stress?
In crisis intervention, what is the primary focus of the approach?
In crisis intervention, what is the primary focus of the approach?
Which diagnosis indicates a high likelihood of experiencing a post-trauma response?
Which diagnosis indicates a high likelihood of experiencing a post-trauma response?
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of having a support system?
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of having a support system?
What is a primary characteristic of progressive muscle relaxation?
What is a primary characteristic of progressive muscle relaxation?
What factor significantly influences an individual's coping strategies related to loss?
What factor significantly influences an individual's coping strategies related to loss?
Which of the following is NOT a medical criterion used to certify death?
Which of the following is NOT a medical criterion used to certify death?
How does socioeconomic status impact an individual's grief response?
How does socioeconomic status impact an individual's grief response?
What is the primary focus when considering the nature of the loss?
What is the primary focus when considering the nature of the loss?
What is a key responsibility of nurses after a patient has passed away?
What is a key responsibility of nurses after a patient has passed away?
What is a characteristic of normal grief?
What is a characteristic of normal grief?
What defines anticipatory grief?
What defines anticipatory grief?
Which symptom is NOT common in dysfunctional grief?
Which symptom is NOT common in dysfunctional grief?
What duration of symptoms characterizes complicated grief?
What duration of symptoms characterizes complicated grief?
Which of the following is a typical physical symptom of grief?
Which of the following is a typical physical symptom of grief?
Which stage of grief is characterized by a refusal to accept the reality of loss?
Which stage of grief is characterized by a refusal to accept the reality of loss?
What emotion might a person express during the bargaining stage of grief?
What emotion might a person express during the bargaining stage of grief?
What common behavior might someone exhibit during extreme grief?
What common behavior might someone exhibit during extreme grief?
What is mandated in cases of unusual deaths?
What is mandated in cases of unusual deaths?
Which statement best defines a good death?
Which statement best defines a good death?
Why is it important for families of the deceased to understand organ donation?
Why is it important for families of the deceased to understand organ donation?
Which nursing action is essential when providing care after a death?
Which nursing action is essential when providing care after a death?
What should nurses focus on to promote a supportive environment for dying patients?
What should nurses focus on to promote a supportive environment for dying patients?
Which role does the nurse fulfill in supporting the family at the time of death?
Which role does the nurse fulfill in supporting the family at the time of death?
What aspect is NOT typically part of the definition of a good death?
What aspect is NOT typically part of the definition of a good death?
What should a nurse avoid when discussing a patient’s condition with family members?
What should a nurse avoid when discussing a patient’s condition with family members?
Flashcards
Cardiovascular effects of stress
Cardiovascular effects of stress
Stress hormones like epinephrine and norepinephrine increase heart rate, blood pressure, and can lead to irregular heartbeats and angina.
Respiratory effects of stress
Respiratory effects of stress
Stress increases breathing rate and widens airways. Hyperventilation, dizziness, and tingling can result.
Stress on the GI system
Stress on the GI system
Stress can cause loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, and increased bowel activity (like diarrhea).
Muscle response to stress
Muscle response to stress
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Observing patient stress
Observing patient stress
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Clinical Stress Sources - Patients
Clinical Stress Sources - Patients
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Clinical Stress Sources - Nurses
Clinical Stress Sources - Nurses
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Stress-Related Harm
Stress-Related Harm
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Anxiety Definition
Anxiety Definition
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Stress vs. Anxiety
Stress vs. Anxiety
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Mild Anxiety
Mild Anxiety
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Moderate Anxiety
Moderate Anxiety
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Severe Anxiety Symptoms
Severe Anxiety Symptoms
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Stress Nursing Diagnoses
Stress Nursing Diagnoses
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Health Promotion (Stress)
Health Promotion (Stress)
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Regular Exercise (Stress)
Regular Exercise (Stress)
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Support Systems (Stress)
Support Systems (Stress)
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Time Management (Stress)
Time Management (Stress)
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Guided Imagery (Stress)
Guided Imagery (Stress)
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Progressive Muscle Relaxation (Stress)
Progressive Muscle Relaxation (Stress)
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Crisis Intervention (Stress)
Crisis Intervention (Stress)
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Acceptance Stage
Acceptance Stage
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Factors Influencing Grief
Factors Influencing Grief
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Impact of Relationships on Grief
Impact of Relationships on Grief
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Socioeconomic Status and Grief
Socioeconomic Status and Grief
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Clinical Death Criteria
Clinical Death Criteria
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Autopsy
Autopsy
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When is an autopsy mandated?
When is an autopsy mandated?
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Organ Donation
Organ Donation
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Who are responsible for organ donation referral?
Who are responsible for organ donation referral?
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A Good Death
A Good Death
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What are crucial factors for a good death?
What are crucial factors for a good death?
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Nursing Role in a Good Death
Nursing Role in a Good Death
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What does a good death allow?
What does a good death allow?
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Grief
Grief
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Normal Grief
Normal Grief
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Anticipatory Grief
Anticipatory Grief
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Dysfunctional Grief
Dysfunctional Grief
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Complicated Grief
Complicated Grief
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Physical Symptoms of Grief
Physical Symptoms of Grief
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Stages of Grief (Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression)
Stages of Grief (Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression)
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Types of Loss
Types of Loss
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Study Notes
Stress, Anxiety, Adaptation, Loss, and Grief
- Stress/distress is a part of life; everyone experiences it at some point.
- Stress is a disturbance in a person's physical or emotional state, affecting their "normal" physiological state, requiring adaptation.
- A stressor is any event or stimulus causing stress, which can be internal (e.g., illness, fear) or external (e.g., loud noise).
- Sources of stress include internal stressors (e.g., infection, depression), external stressors (e.g., moving, death in family), developmental stressors (e.g., starting school, leaving home), and situational stressors (e.g., marriage/divorce, illness).
- Stress can significantly impact physical health, emotional state, cognitive abilities, social relationships, and spiritual well-being.
Effect of Stress
- Stress can threaten physiological homeostasis.
- Stress can produce negative or nonconstructive feelings about the self.
- Stress can influence a person's perceptual and problem-solving abilities.
- Stress can alter a person's relationships with others.
- Stress can challenge one's beliefs and values.
Clinical Stress
- Uncertainty, fear, pain, cost, lack of knowledge, risk for harm, and unknown resources are important sources of stress for patients.
- Poor patient outcomes, risk of making an error, unfamiliar situations, excessive workload, and inadequate resources are important sources of stress for nurses.
- Stress can lead to physiological harmful effects (e.g., heart disease, immune system impairment, weight gain, hair loss, diabetes).
Mild Anxiety
- Mild anxiety is a normal part of daily life.
- It increases alertness and awareness of surroundings (e.g., vision, hearing).
- Mild anxiety might interfere with sleep but can be beneficial for problem-solving.
Moderate Anxiety
- Moderate anxiety is characterized by tremors, quavering voice, muscle tension, and a feeling of "butterflies."
- Respiration and pulse rate may slightly increase.
Severe Anxiety
- Severe anxiety is characterized by impaired learning, difficulty communicating, increased motor activity, a fearful facial expression, headache, nausea, dizziness, tachycardia, and hyperventilation. It negatively affects a person's ability to function and requires intervention.
- This is often a significant problem.
Coping Responses
- Coping responses are immediate involuntary responses to threatening situations.
- Coping is essential for normal growth and development, the ability to tolerate change, and responding to stressors.
- A balance between perception of stressors and the resources available is crucial for coping.
Factors Affecting Coping Patterns
- Diet, activity, sleep, and safety/security significantly impact coping.
- Previous experiences shape how one reacts to stress. Positive experiences can build resilience, while negative ones may hinder coping.
Loss and Grief
- Loss is the experience of losing something or someone significant.
- Loss can be actual (e.g., death) or perceived (e.g., loss of a job).
- Grief is the complex emotion felt in response to loss, involving emotional, cognitive, social, physical, behavioral, and spiritual aspects.
Types of Loss
- Actual loss involves a tangible loss (e.g., death of a loved one).
- Perceived loss involves a felt loss not always tangible (e.g., loss of body image).
- Physical loss is tangible loss of something physical (e.g., loss of limb).
- Psychological loss is a felt loss which is intangible (e.g., loss of self-esteem).
Types of Grief
- Normal grief is a common and universal reaction to loss, with a duration of typically 6 weeks.
- Anticipatory grief is a gradual acceptance of a loss that is impending.
- Dysfunctional grief is characterized by extreme sadness, and inability to function, often lasting longer than typically expected.
- Complicated grief is experiencing symptoms of grief over a year after a loss; these symptoms can be very distressing.
Dying and Death
- Medical criteria for death include cessation of breathing, unresponsive to painful stimuli, and lack of reflexes (e.g., corneal).
- Traditional clinical signs were cessation of respiration and blood pressure.
Care After Death
- Nursing responsibilities include respecting the body and its dignity and maintaining privacy (e.g., preventing injuries and damage to the body).
- Legal aspects include determining and following procedures (e.g., autopsy). In some cases, organ donation is applicable and should be addressed.
- Supporting the grieving family is also crucial.
Good Death
- A good death is characterized by relative freedom from pain, dying on their own terms, and having feelings of fulfillment.
- Nurses play an important role in focusing on the needs of the dying person and family members.
Nursing Process: Implementation
- Key aspects of nursing process implementation include developing trusting relationships, explaining the patient's condition & treatment, promoting self-esteem, teaching family members how to assist, fulfilling the needs of the patient and their family, and providing postmortem care.
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