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Questions and Answers
What are the physiological adaptations that occur during the stress response?
What are the physiological adaptations that occur during the stress response?
- Decreased inflammation and accelerated anabolism
- Hormonal and metabolic adaptations (correct)
- Decreased cardiac output and respiration rate
- Increased appetite and decreased respiration rate
What are the characteristics of the stress response?
What are the characteristics of the stress response?
- Inflammation, accelerated catabolism, and increased respiration rate and cardiac output (correct)
- Inflammation, decreased catabolism, and decreased respiration rate and cardiac output
- Inflammation, accelerated anabolism, and decreased respiration rate
- Decreased inflammation, accelerated catabolism, and increased respiration rate
What happens to energy reserves during the stress response?
What happens to energy reserves during the stress response?
- They are increased
- They are conserved
- They are depleted (correct)
- They remain unchanged
What are some potential consequences of prolonged stress?
What are some potential consequences of prolonged stress?
What controls the stress response?
What controls the stress response?
What do counter-regulatory hormones promote during the stress response?
What do counter-regulatory hormones promote during the stress response?
What effects do catecholamines have during the stress response?
What effects do catecholamines have during the stress response?
What does glucagon trigger during the stress response?
What does glucagon trigger during the stress response?
What does cortisol promote during the stress response?
What does cortisol promote during the stress response?
What is the potential risk associated with inflammation during the stress response?
What is the potential risk associated with inflammation during the stress response?
What are some metabolic stressors that can increase nutrient needs and cause negative nitrogen balance?
What are some metabolic stressors that can increase nutrient needs and cause negative nitrogen balance?
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Study Notes
- Physiological stress leads to hormonal and metabolic adaptations known as the stress response.
- The stress response is characterized by inflammation, accelerated catabolism, and increased respiration rate and cardiac output.
- Energy reserves are mobilized, leading to elevated glucose levels.
- Prolonged stress can lead to poor growth, muscle wasting, or increased susceptibility to illness.
- The stress response is controlled by hormones released in the blood after injury.
- Counter-regulatory hormones promote hypercatabolism and hypermetabolism.
- Catecholamines cause the heart to beat faster, breathing to accelerate, blood pressure to rise, and metabolic rate to increase.
- Glucagon triggers glucose production, and cortisol promotes protein catabolism.
- Inflammation may increase the risk for malnutrition.
- Sepsis, trauma, burns, and surgery are metabolic stressors that can increase nutrient needs and cause negative nitrogen balance.
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