Stress and Memory Impairment
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary mechanism by which drugs of abuse, such as cocaine and opiates, produce reward?

  • Inhibition of the amygdala
  • Stimulation of brain reward mechanisms through increased dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens (correct)
  • Release of glucocorticoids in the hippocampus
  • Activation of the prefrontal cortex

    • What is the effect of prenatal stress on the hippocampus of offspring?

  • ONLY affects the amygdala
  • Increases hippocampal LTP and spatial learning
  • Impairs hippocampal LTP and spatial learning (correct)
  • Has no effect on hippocampal LTP and spatial learning

    • What is the characteristic of individuals with a smaller hippocampus?

  • They have better spatial memory
  • They are more prone to PTSD (correct)
  • They are more intelligent
  • They are more resistant to PTSD

    • What is the primary effect of nicotine on the brain?

    <p>Increase in dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which alcohol produces its anxiolytic effects?

    <p>Agonism at GABAa receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of psychological dependence?

    <p>Rewarding effects of drug use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary neurotransmitter involved in the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia?

    <p>Dopamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary effects of antipsychotic medications on the symptoms of schizophrenia?

    <p>They reduce the thought disorder and positive symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

    <p>Poverty of speech</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary region of the brain affected in the hypofrontality of schizophrenia?

    <p>Prefrontal cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cognitive deficit associated with schizophrenia?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of antipsychotic medications in treating schizophrenia?

    <p>Blocking dopamine receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary brain structure abnormality associated with schizophrenia?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of chlorpromazine on dopamine systems in the brain?

    <p>Blocking dopamine receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cognitive deficit associated with the negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

    <p>Apathy and lack of motivation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary neurological mechanism underlying the negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

    <p>Abnormalities in the prefrontal cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

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