16 Questions
What is the primary mechanism by which drugs of abuse, such as cocaine and opiates, produce reward?
Stimulation of brain reward mechanisms through increased dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens
What is the effect of prenatal stress on the hippocampus of offspring?
Impairs hippocampal LTP and spatial learning
What is the characteristic of individuals with a smaller hippocampus?
They are more prone to PTSD
What is the primary effect of nicotine on the brain?
Increase in dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens
What is the primary mechanism by which alcohol produces its anxiolytic effects?
Agonism at GABAa receptors
What is the primary characteristic of psychological dependence?
Rewarding effects of drug use
What is the primary neurotransmitter involved in the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia?
Dopamine
What are the primary effects of antipsychotic medications on the symptoms of schizophrenia?
They reduce the thought disorder and positive symptoms
Which of the following is a characteristic of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia?
Poverty of speech
What is the primary region of the brain affected in the hypofrontality of schizophrenia?
Prefrontal cortex
What is the primary cognitive deficit associated with schizophrenia?
All of the above
What is the primary mechanism of action of antipsychotic medications in treating schizophrenia?
Blocking dopamine receptors
What is the primary brain structure abnormality associated with schizophrenia?
All of the above
What is the primary effect of chlorpromazine on dopamine systems in the brain?
Blocking dopamine receptors
What is the primary cognitive deficit associated with the negative symptoms of schizophrenia?
Apathy and lack of motivation
What is the primary neurological mechanism underlying the negative symptoms of schizophrenia?
Abnormalities in the prefrontal cortex
Test your knowledge on how stress affects cognitive learning and memory, including the impact of acute stress, prenatal stress, and chronic stress on hippocampal function and spatial learning. Also, learn about the effects of PTSD on brain function and behavior.
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