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Questions and Answers
What is a common risk factor for African American women living in poverty in relation to Type II Diabetes?
What is a common risk factor for African American women living in poverty in relation to Type II Diabetes?
What impact does obesity have on individuals with Type II Diabetes?
What impact does obesity have on individuals with Type II Diabetes?
What was the result of the 10-minute mental arithmetic test on Pima Indians in relation to blood glucose levels?
What was the result of the 10-minute mental arithmetic test on Pima Indians in relation to blood glucose levels?
How is clinically significant depression linked to diabetes mellitus?
How is clinically significant depression linked to diabetes mellitus?
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What was the impact of stress management training on patients with Type II Diabetes according to the study?
What was the impact of stress management training on patients with Type II Diabetes according to the study?
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How do individuals with fewer resources react to stress compared to those with higher economic resources?
How do individuals with fewer resources react to stress compared to those with higher economic resources?
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What psychological factors are associated with stress and Type II Diabetes according to the text?
What psychological factors are associated with stress and Type II Diabetes according to the text?
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What impact does depression have on abnormal HPA axis functioning and glucose regulation?
What impact does depression have on abnormal HPA axis functioning and glucose regulation?
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What effect does social stigma related to obesity have on individuals?
What effect does social stigma related to obesity have on individuals?
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How does genetic predisposition affect Pima Indians in relation to Type II Diabetes?
How does genetic predisposition affect Pima Indians in relation to Type II Diabetes?
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What type of diabetes involves an autoimmune reaction leading to the destruction of beta cells in the pancreas?
What type of diabetes involves an autoimmune reaction leading to the destruction of beta cells in the pancreas?
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In which type of diabetes does the pancreas fail to produce sufficient levels of insulin due to high blood glucose levels?
In which type of diabetes does the pancreas fail to produce sufficient levels of insulin due to high blood glucose levels?
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Which hormone, when secreted in response to stress, decreases insulin production in the pancreas?
Which hormone, when secreted in response to stress, decreases insulin production in the pancreas?
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Which factor is significantly associated with chronic diabetes complications such as neuropathy and retinopathy?
Which factor is significantly associated with chronic diabetes complications such as neuropathy and retinopathy?
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What can stress cause in terms of glucose tolerance in individuals with a genetic predisposition to Type II Diabetes?
What can stress cause in terms of glucose tolerance in individuals with a genetic predisposition to Type II Diabetes?
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Which environmental factor has an indirect effect on metabolic control by interfering with dietary and treatment compliance in diabetics?
Which environmental factor has an indirect effect on metabolic control by interfering with dietary and treatment compliance in diabetics?
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What kind of fat is considered more harmful with respect to fat-induced insulin insensitivity in individuals with Type II Diabetes?
What kind of fat is considered more harmful with respect to fat-induced insulin insensitivity in individuals with Type II Diabetes?
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What is the relationship between burnout and the risk for Type II Diabetes, according to one of the studies mentioned?
What is the relationship between burnout and the risk for Type II Diabetes, according to one of the studies mentioned?
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Psychological stress has no impact on diabetes management according to the studies mentioned.
Psychological stress has no impact on diabetes management according to the studies mentioned.
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Burnout workers with lower stress levels are at a higher risk of developing Type 2 Diabetes.
Burnout workers with lower stress levels are at a higher risk of developing Type 2 Diabetes.
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Stress management training has shown no significant reduction in Glycated hemoglobin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Stress management training has shown no significant reduction in Glycated hemoglobin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Poorer individuals do not experience additional stress when facing loss compared to those with more resources.
Poorer individuals do not experience additional stress when facing loss compared to those with more resources.
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Clinically significant depression is not linked to an increased risk of diabetes mellitus.
Clinically significant depression is not linked to an increased risk of diabetes mellitus.
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Match the psychological impact with the health outcome on individuals with Type II Diabetes:
Match the psychological impact with the health outcome on individuals with Type II Diabetes:
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Match the study design/method with the specific group of participants:
Match the study design/method with the specific group of participants:
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What characterizes Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 (DMI) in terms of insulin production?
What characterizes Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 (DMI) in terms of insulin production?
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Which stress hormone is involved in the 'fight or flight' response and decreases insulin secretion in the pancreas?
Which stress hormone is involved in the 'fight or flight' response and decreases insulin secretion in the pancreas?
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What is a common complication associated with chronic untreated diabetes?
What is a common complication associated with chronic untreated diabetes?
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How does cortisol impact blood glucose levels in the long term?
How does cortisol impact blood glucose levels in the long term?
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What distinguishes Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 (DM2) from Type 1 in terms of insulin dependence?
What distinguishes Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 (DM2) from Type 1 in terms of insulin dependence?
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Which factor is significantly linked to chronic diabetes complications such as neuropathy and retinopathy?
Which factor is significantly linked to chronic diabetes complications such as neuropathy and retinopathy?
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What is the concordance rate for Type II Diabetes in monozygotic twins according to the text?
What is the concordance rate for Type II Diabetes in monozygotic twins according to the text?
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How does stress impact glucose levels in mice with a genetic risk for Type II Diabetes in the study mentioned?
How does stress impact glucose levels in mice with a genetic risk for Type II Diabetes in the study mentioned?
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What factor contributes to the development of Type II Diabetes as per the information provided?
What factor contributes to the development of Type II Diabetes as per the information provided?
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What impact does environmental stress have on metabolic control in diabetics based on one of the studies mentioned?
What impact does environmental stress have on metabolic control in diabetics based on one of the studies mentioned?
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Study Notes
Stress and Diabetes
- Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia due to defects in insulin secretion or action.
- There are two types of diabetes: Type I (DMI) and Type II (DM2).
- Type I Diabetes is an autoimmune reaction that destroys beta cells in the pancreas, hindering insulin production, and typically develops in childhood or adolescence.
- Type II Diabetes is a result of insulin resistance, where the pancreas fails to produce sufficient insulin, and is often managed through lifestyle changes and insulin support.
Biological Factors in Stress and Diabetes
- The Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) response to stress decreases insulin production in the pancreas and releases glucose into the bloodstream.
- The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis response to stress increases blood glucose levels, causing hyperglycemia, and competes with glucose for uptake by cells.
Environmental Factors in Stress and Diabetes
- Family history plays a significant role in the incidence and severity of diabetes, with genetic risk and lifestyle factors contributing to the development of diabetes.
- Environmental stressors, including burnout, poverty, and social stigma, can impair glycemic control and increase the risk of developing Type II Diabetes.
- Dietary factors, such as eating patterns and the type of fat consumed, are also associated with the development of Type II Diabetes.
Psychological Factors in Stress and Diabetes
- Depression is a common co-morbid condition among adults with diabetes, and is associated with a 60-65% increased risk of diabetes mellitus.
- Depression can lead to abnormal HPA axis functioning, glucose dysregulation, and worse diabetes-related outcomes.
- Stress management training has been shown to reduce the risk of microvascular complications in patients with Type II Diabetes.
Studies on Stress and Diabetes
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A study on Pima Indians found that mental arithmetic tests induced an increase in blood glucose levels, but not in a control group of white subjects.
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A study on mice with Type II Diabetes found that stress enhanced the inability to deal with glucose, and that the interaction between diabetes and stress causes diabetic reactions.
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A study on healthy workers found an association between burnout and Type II Diabetes, with a 1.84-fold increased risk.### Diabetes Overview
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Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder caused by a defect in insulin secretion or action, resulting in chronic hyperglycemia.
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Diabetes complications (if left untreated): nervous system disorders, blindness, kidney diseases, amputation, sexual dysfunction.
Classification of Diabetes
- Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 (DMI): an autoimmune reaction involving the destruction of beta cells in the pancreas, hindering insulin production.
- Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 (DM2): development of insulin resistance, where insulin is not properly utilized.
Biological Factors in Stress and Diabetes
- Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) response: decreases insulin production in the pancreas and releases glucose into the bloodstream.
- Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis: increases blood glucose levels, causing hyperglycemia, and affects diabetes management.
Stress and Diabetes
- Stress enhances the inability to deal with glucose, causing diabetic reactions.
- Environmental stress impairs glycemic control by interfering with dietary and treatment compliance in diabetics.
Burnout and Risk for Type II Diabetes
- Association of burnout with Type II diabetes in healthy workers (1.84-fold increase).
Depression and Type II Diabetes
- Clinically significant depression is associated with a 60-65% increased risk of diabetes mellitus.
- Depression is a common co-morbid condition among adults with diabetes, making diabetes management difficult.
Stress Management and Type II Diabetes
- Stress management training was associated with a small but significant (0.5%) reduction in Glycated hemoglobin test (HbA1c), measuring glucose levels in blood.
Social Stigma and Type II Diabetes
- Women in poverty, especially African American women, are at greater risk for developing Type II Diabetes due to limited access to healthy food and increased stress.
- Obesity is viewed as being under the person's control, leading to increased daily stress and feelings of blame, guilt, and helplessness, impacting diabetes management.
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Description
Learn about the classification of Diabetes Mellitus Type I and II, as well as the complications that can arise from untreated diabetes. Explore how dysfunction of the pancreas affects glucose metabolism and how chronic hyperglycemia can lead to various health issues.
