Therapy 1 Diabetes Mellitus Dysfunctions

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

What is the main characteristic of diabetes mellitus?

Hyperglycemia (correct)

Excessive insulin secretion

Insulin resistance

Inadequate glucagon secretion

Which factor contributes to diabetes mellitus by leading to high blood sugar levels?

Resistance to insulin action (correct)

Low carbohydrate intake

Adequate insulin secretion

Appropriate glucagon secretion

What is the impact of inadequate insulin secretion in diabetes mellitus?

Normal blood sugar levels

High blood sugar levels (correct)

Low blood sugar levels

Increased insulin sensitivity

What is the role of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes?

Elevated hepatic glucose production Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the reciprocal relationship between alpha and beta cells in type 2 diabetes?

It results in hyperglycemia Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of elevated fasting plasma concentrations of certain amino acids on the risk of future diabetes?

Increased risk of future diabetes Signup and view all the answers

Elevated levels of free fatty acids and proinflammatory cytokines contribute to insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes.

True Signup and view all the answers

Hyperglucagonemia plays a role in the development of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes.

True Signup and view all the answers

Elevated fasting plasma concentrations of certain amino acids are not associated with an increased risk of future diabetes.

False Signup and view all the answers

How can patients with type 1 diabetes be differentiated from those with type 2 disease?

Patients with type 1 diabetes are lean, insulin-dependent since childhood, or have a history of diabetic ketoacidosis. Signup and view all the answers

What is suggestive of type 2 diabetes in a patient who has had diabetes for more than 12 years?

Fasting C peptide level of more than 1 ng/dL Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of patients with type 2 diabetes?

Obesity and acanthosis nigricans Signup and view all the answers

Which genetic variant is associated with increased adiposity and insulin resistance?

IGF2BP2 Signup and view all the answers

What may differentiate patients with type 1 from those with type 2 diabetes?

Low insulin levels and normal C peptide levels Signup and view all the answers

What can be used to differentiate between patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes?

Elevated fasting plasma concentrations of certain amino acids Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of secondary diabetes?

Diseases of the pancreas that destroy the pancreatic beta cells Signup and view all the answers

Which condition can cause peripheral insulin resistance leading to secondary diabetes?

Acromegaly Signup and view all the answers

Which illness can interfere with insulin secretion and contribute to secondary diabetes?

Cushing syndrome Signup and view all the answers

Which medication can contribute to the development of secondary diabetes?

Phenytoin Signup and view all the answers

What is the main defining characteristic of gestational diabetes mellitus?

Decreased insulin sensitivity as pregnancy progresses Signup and view all the answers

What role does maternal insulin secretion play in the development of gestational diabetes mellitus?

Increases to counteract decreasing insulin sensitivity Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of glucose intolerance with onset during pregnancy?

Gestational diabetes mellitus Signup and view all the answers

What are the defined fasting blood glucose levels for prediabetes?

100-125 mg/dL Signup and view all the answers

What is the 2-hour post oral glucose tolerance test (post OGTT) glucose level for prediabetes?

160-200 mg/dL Signup and view all the answers

What is the increased risk associated with prediabetes?

Macrovascular and microvascular disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the main determinant of microvascular and metabolic complications in diabetes?

Hyperglycemia Signup and view all the answers

What lipid abnormality is related in part to insulin resistance in people with diabetes?

Elevated levels of small, dense low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol particles Signup and view all the answers

What is involved in the thrombotic abnormalities related to cardiovascular risk in people with diabetes?

Elevated fibrinogen Signup and view all the answers

What is associated with increased lipid accumulation in the liver and smooth muscle due to insulin resistance?