Therapy 1 Diabetes Mellitus Dysfunctions
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Questions and Answers

What is the main characteristic of diabetes mellitus?

  • Hyperglycemia (correct)
  • Excessive insulin secretion
  • Insulin resistance
  • Inadequate glucagon secretion

    • Which factor contributes to diabetes mellitus by leading to high blood sugar levels?

  • Resistance to insulin action (correct)
  • Low carbohydrate intake
  • Adequate insulin secretion
  • Appropriate glucagon secretion

    • What is the impact of inadequate insulin secretion in diabetes mellitus?

  • Normal blood sugar levels
  • High blood sugar levels (correct)
  • Low blood sugar levels
  • Increased insulin sensitivity

    • What is the role of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes?

    <p>Elevated hepatic glucose production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the reciprocal relationship between alpha and beta cells in type 2 diabetes?

    <p>It results in hyperglycemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of elevated fasting plasma concentrations of certain amino acids on the risk of future diabetes?

    <p>Increased risk of future diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Elevated levels of free fatty acids and proinflammatory cytokines contribute to insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hyperglucagonemia plays a role in the development of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Elevated fasting plasma concentrations of certain amino acids are not associated with an increased risk of future diabetes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can patients with type 1 diabetes be differentiated from those with type 2 disease?

    <p>Patients with type 1 diabetes are lean, insulin-dependent since childhood, or have a history of diabetic ketoacidosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is suggestive of type 2 diabetes in a patient who has had diabetes for more than 12 years?

    <p>Fasting C peptide level of more than 1 ng/dL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of patients with type 2 diabetes?

    <p>Obesity and acanthosis nigricans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which genetic variant is associated with increased adiposity and insulin resistance?

    <p>IGF2BP2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may differentiate patients with type 1 from those with type 2 diabetes?

    <p>Low insulin levels and normal C peptide levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be used to differentiate between patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes?

    <p>Elevated fasting plasma concentrations of certain amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of secondary diabetes?

    <p>Diseases of the pancreas that destroy the pancreatic beta cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition can cause peripheral insulin resistance leading to secondary diabetes?

    <p>Acromegaly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which illness can interfere with insulin secretion and contribute to secondary diabetes?

    <p>Cushing syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication can contribute to the development of secondary diabetes?

    <p>Phenytoin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main defining characteristic of gestational diabetes mellitus?

    <p>Decreased insulin sensitivity as pregnancy progresses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does maternal insulin secretion play in the development of gestational diabetes mellitus?

    <p>Increases to counteract decreasing insulin sensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of glucose intolerance with onset during pregnancy?

    <p>Gestational diabetes mellitus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the defined fasting blood glucose levels for prediabetes?

    <p>100-125 mg/dL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 2-hour post oral glucose tolerance test (post OGTT) glucose level for prediabetes?

    <p>160-200 mg/dL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the increased risk associated with prediabetes?

    <p>Macrovascular and microvascular disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main determinant of microvascular and metabolic complications in diabetes?

    <p>Hyperglycemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What lipid abnormality is related in part to insulin resistance in people with diabetes?

    <p>Elevated levels of small, dense low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is involved in the thrombotic abnormalities related to cardiovascular risk in people with diabetes?

    <p>Elevated fibrinogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is associated with increased lipid accumulation in the liver and smooth muscle due to insulin resistance?

    <p>Elevated levels of small, dense low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes?

    <p>Elevated levels of free fatty acids and proinflammatory cytokines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main contributor to hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes?

    <p>Excessive or inappropriate glucagon secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

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