Streptococcus Bacteria Quiz

The Centor Criteria include tonsillar exudates, tender anterior cervical lymphadenopathy, fever over 100.4°F, and absence of cough. A score of 3 or more is needed for diagnosis.

Common clinical manifestations of strep pharyngitis include abrupt sore throat with painful swallowing, fever and chills, enlarged cervical lymph nodes, hypertrophy of pharyngeal mucosa, and erythema with exudate.

Clinical manifestations of scarlet fever include strep throat with a rash, diffuse erythema that blanches, sandpaper rash with fine red papules, flushed face, circumoral pallor, and strawberry tongue.

Erysipelas is characterized by a painful macular rash with well-defined margins, abrupt onset, rapid progression, fiery red appearance, and the potential development of flaccid bullae.

Impetigo is characterized by thick crusted golden honey yellow lesions, and it may be caused by poor hygiene and malnutrition. Treatment options include topical mupirocin and retapamulin for a small number of lesions, and oral dicloxacillin and cephalexin for a large number of lesions.

Clinical features of necrotizing fasciitis include swelling, heat, erythema, and pain, followed by skin darkening, blisters, gangrene, and necrosis. Treatment involves empirical broad-spectrum antimicrobial therapy, tailored to gram stain, culture, and sensitivity.

Toxic shock syndrome presents with a viral-like prodrome, severe pain in the extremities, fever, hypothermia, confusion, and possibly a violaceous/blue vesicular or bullous rash. Treatment includes vancomycin, clindamycin, and a combination drug containing a penicillin + beta-lactamase inhibitor or carbapenem.

Complications of acute glomerulonephritis and acute rheumatic fever include congestive heart failure, rheumatic pneumonitis, and rheumatic heart disease. Treatment involves penicillin G benzathine for acute rheumatic fever, and NSAIDs for arthritis, as well as prophylaxis with penicillin G benzathine if there are recurrent acute group A streptococcus infections.

Acute rheumatic fever develops 15-20 days after exposure to strep pharyngitis. It is diagnosed by the Jones criteria, which consider the presence of major and minor symptoms, evidence of recent beta hemolytic strep infection, and elevated CRP.

The most common treatment for streptococcal infections is penicillin G benzathine, particularly for acute rheumatic fever and other strep-related conditions.

For individuals allergic to penicillin, the recommended treatments for strep infections include cephalosporins or macrolides as alternatives to penicillin, and Keflex for clinical manifestations of strep pharyngitis.

The recommended approach for early treatment of strep infections to prevent complications involves using penicillin G benzathine for acute rheumatic fever, and prophylaxis with penicillin G benzathine for individuals with recurrent acute group A streptococcus infections.