Streptococcus Bacteria Quiz: Test Your Knowledge

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Questions and Answers

Define the Centor Criteria for diagnosing strep throat.

The Centor Criteria include tonsillar exudates, tender anterior cervical lymphadenopathy, fever over 100.4°F, and absence of cough. A score of 3 or more is needed for diagnosis.

What are the common clinical manifestations of strep pharyngitis?

Common clinical manifestations of strep pharyngitis include abrupt sore throat with painful swallowing, fever and chills, enlarged cervical lymph nodes, hypertrophy of pharyngeal mucosa, and erythema with exudate.

Describe the clinical manifestations of scarlet fever.

Clinical manifestations of scarlet fever include strep throat with a rash, diffuse erythema that blanches, sandpaper rash with fine red papules, flushed face, circumoral pallor, and strawberry tongue.

What are the characteristics of erysipelas?

Erysipelas is characterized by a painful macular rash with well-defined margins, abrupt onset, rapid progression, fiery red appearance, and the potential development of flaccid bullae. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the characteristics and treatment options for impetigo.

Impetigo is characterized by thick crusted golden honey yellow lesions, and it may be caused by poor hygiene and malnutrition. Treatment options include topical mupirocin and retapamulin for a small number of lesions, and oral dicloxacillin and cephalexin for a large number of lesions. Signup and view all the answers

What are the clinical features and treatment options for necrotizing fasciitis?

Clinical features of necrotizing fasciitis include swelling, heat, erythema, and pain, followed by skin darkening, blisters, gangrene, and necrosis. Treatment involves empirical broad-spectrum antimicrobial therapy, tailored to gram stain, culture, and sensitivity. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the clinical manifestations and treatment for toxic shock syndrome.

Toxic shock syndrome presents with a viral-like prodrome, severe pain in the extremities, fever, hypothermia, confusion, and possibly a violaceous/blue vesicular or bullous rash. Treatment includes vancomycin, clindamycin, and a combination drug containing a penicillin + beta-lactamase inhibitor or carbapenem. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the complications and treatment options for acute glomerulonephritis and acute rheumatic fever.

Complications of acute glomerulonephritis and acute rheumatic fever include congestive heart failure, rheumatic pneumonitis, and rheumatic heart disease. Treatment involves penicillin G benzathine for acute rheumatic fever, and NSAIDs for arthritis, as well as prophylaxis with penicillin G benzathine if there are recurrent acute group A streptococcus infections. Signup and view all the answers

What is the timeframe for developing acute rheumatic fever after exposure to strep pharyngitis, and how is it diagnosed?

Acute rheumatic fever develops 15-20 days after exposure to strep pharyngitis. It is diagnosed by the Jones criteria, which consider the presence of major and minor symptoms, evidence of recent beta hemolytic strep infection, and elevated CRP. Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common treatment for streptococcal infections?

The most common treatment for streptococcal infections is penicillin G benzathine, particularly for acute rheumatic fever and other strep-related conditions. Signup and view all the answers

What are the recommended treatments for strep infections in individuals allergic to penicillin?

For individuals allergic to penicillin, the recommended treatments for strep infections include cephalosporins or macrolides as alternatives to penicillin, and Keflex for clinical manifestations of strep pharyngitis. Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended approach for early treatment of strep infections to prevent complications?

The recommended approach for early treatment of strep infections to prevent complications involves using penicillin G benzathine for acute rheumatic fever, and prophylaxis with penicillin G benzathine for individuals with recurrent acute group A streptococcus infections. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Diagnosing Strep Throat

The Centor Criteria for diagnosing strep throat include: • Absence of cough • Tender and swollen lymph nodes in the neck • Fever greater than 38.3°C (101°F) • White or yellow spots on the tonsils • No signs of a viral infection, such as a runny nose or cough

Clinical Manifestations of Strep Pharyngitis

Common symptoms of strep pharyngitis include: • Sudden onset of severe throat pain • Fever • White or yellow spots on the tonsils • Swollen and tender lymph nodes in the neck • General feeling of illness or fatigue

Clinical Manifestations of Scarlet Fever

Scarlet fever is characterized by: • A specific type of rash that:
- Starts on the neck and chest
- Spreads to the abdomen and extremities
- Feels like sandpaper to the touch
- Lasts for 4-7 days • High fever • Sore throat • Headache • Nausea and vomiting

Characteristics of Erysipelas

Erysipelas is a bacterial infection of the skin that: • Causes a shiny, raised, and swollen rash • Typically affects the legs, arms, or face • Is often accompanied by fever, chills, and swollen lymph nodes

Impetigo

Impetigo is a bacterial skin infection that: • Causes sores or crusting on the skin • Typically affects the face, arms, and legs • Can be treated with topical or oral antibiotics

Necrotizing Fasciitis

Necrotizing fasciitis is a severe bacterial infection of the tissues beneath the skin that: • Causes severe pain, swelling, and redness • Can lead to tissue death and amputation • Requires prompt surgical debridement and antibiotic treatment

Toxic Shock Syndrome

Toxic shock syndrome is a life-threatening condition caused by bacterial toxins that: • Causes fever, headache, and sore throat • Can lead to shock, organ failure, and death • Requires prompt treatment with antibiotics and supportive care

Acute Glomerulonephritis and Acute Rheumatic Fever

Complications of strep infections include: • Acute glomerulonephritis, a kidney inflammation that:
- Can cause blood in the urine and swollen ankles and feet
- Requires prompt treatment to prevent kidney damage • Acute rheumatic fever, a condition that:
- Can cause joint pain, fever, and heart valve damage
- Requires prompt treatment to prevent long-term heart damage

Timeframe for Developing Acute Rheumatic Fever

Acute rheumatic fever typically develops 2-4 weeks after exposure to strep pharyngitis

Diagnosis of Acute Rheumatic Fever

Diagnosis is based on the presence of: • Jones criteria, which include:
- Carditis (heart valve damage)
- Arthritis (joint pain)
- Chorea (involuntary movements)
- Erythema marginatum (a specific type of rash)
- Subcutaneous nodules (lumps under the skin)

Treatment of Strep Infections

The most common treatment for streptococcal infections is penicillin or amoxicillin
Individuals allergic to penicillin may be treated with: • Macrolides (such as erythromycin or azithromycin) • Clindamycin
Early treatment of strep infections is recommended to prevent complications

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Description

Test your knowledge of Streptococcus bacteria with this quiz. Identify the different types of strep based on their characteristics, hemolysis patterns, and clinical manifestations. Explore the Centor Criteria and laboratory findings for diagnosing strep throat.

Streptococcus Bacteria Quiz

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