Questions and Answers
Which of the following diseases is primarily transmitted through respiratory droplets?
What is a common symptom of both influenza and COVID-19?
Which of the following diseases has vaccination as a preventive measure?
What is the primary reservoir for the Plague?
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Which of the following virulence factors is commonly associated with Diphtheria?
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What is a typical incubation period for Chickenpox?
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Which treatment is most effective for Tuberculosis?
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What mode of transmission is primarily associated with Lyme Disease?
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Which of the following is a big predisposing factor for Pneumococcal Pneumonia?
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Which of the following diseases is characterized by a distinct red rash that spreads?
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Which disease is primarily transmitted through mosquitoes?
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What is a common predisposing factor for Zika Virus Disease?
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What is the primary reservoir for Yellow Fever?
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Which disease is characterized by a long incubation period of approximately 2 to 3 weeks?
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Which of the following is a symptom that might differentiate Gonorrhea from Chlamydia?
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What is a standard preventive measure for Hepatitis B?
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Which characteristic is commonly associated with the Zika virus?
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What is the causative agent for Ebola Virus Disease?
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Which of the following is not a mode of transmission for Trichomoniasis?
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Which treatment is typically used for Dengue Fever?
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Study Notes
Streptococcal Infections
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Streptococcal Pharyngitis/Strep Throat
- Causative agent: Streptococcus pyogenes.
- Symptoms include sore throat, fever, and headache.
- Incubation period is 2 to 5 days.
- Transmitted via respiratory droplets.
- Preventive measures: Good hygiene and avoiding close contact.
- Treatment involves antibiotics.
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Scarlet Fever
- Caused by toxin-producing strains of Streptococcus pyogenes.
- Characterized by a red rash, high fever, and sore throat.
- Incubation period: 1 to 7 days.
- Mode of transmission similar to strep throat.
- Preventive measures include prompt treatment of strep throat.
Respiratory Infections
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Diphtheria
- Causative agent: Corynebacterium diphtheriae.
- Symptoms: Sore throat, fever, and a thick gray membrane in the throat.
- Incubation period: 2 to 5 days.
- Transmitted through respiratory droplets.
- Preventive measure: Diphtheria vaccine.
-
Pertussis/Whooping Cough
- Caused by Bordetella pertussis.
- Symptoms include severe coughing fits, "whooping" sound upon inhalation.
- Incubation period: 7 to 10 days.
- Spread through respiratory droplets.
- Vaccine available for prevention.
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Pneumococcal Pneumonia/Typical Pneumonia
- Causative agent: Streptococcus pneumoniae.
- Symptoms include cough, fever, and difficulty breathing.
- Incubation period: 1 to 3 days.
- Transmitted via air droplets.
- Pneumococcal vaccine helps prevent infection.
Tuberculosis and Other Viral Diseases
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Tuberculosis
- Caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
- Symptoms include persistent cough, weight loss, and night sweats.
- Long incubation period, often months.
- Transmitted through airborne droplets.
- Preventive measures include vaccination and early treatment.
-
Influenza/Flu
- Caused by influenza viruses.
- Symptoms: fever, chills, body aches, and respiratory issues.
- Incubation period: 1 to 4 days.
- Mode of transmission: respiratory droplets.
- Annual vaccination is the primary prevention method.
-
COVID-19
- Causative agent: SARS-CoV-2.
- Symptoms: fever, cough, shortness of breath, loss of taste or smell.
- Incubation period: 2 to 14 days.
- Transmitted through respiratory droplets and surfaces.
- Preventive measures: Vaccination, masks, and hygiene.
-
Smallpox
- Caused by the variola virus.
- Symptoms: fever, body aches, and distinctive rash.
- Incubation period: 7 to 17 days.
- Transferred via respiratory droplets.
- Smallpox eradicated due to widespread vaccination.
Varicella and Measles
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Chickenpox
- Caused by varicella-zoster virus.
- Symptoms include itchy rash, fever, and fatigue.
- Incubation period: 10 to 21 days.
- Transmitted through respiratory droplets and direct contact.
- Preventive measure: Varicella vaccine.
-
Shingles
- Reactivation of varicella-zoster virus; causes painful rash.
- Symptoms include burning pain and sensitivity.
- Incubation period can vary.
- Transmitted through direct contact with the rash.
- Preventive measures: Shingles vaccine recommended for older adults.
-
Measles/Rubeola
- Caused by the measles virus.
- Symptoms: high fever, cough, runny nose, and rash.
- Incubation period: 10 to 12 days.
- Transmitted through respiratory droplets.
- Effective vaccine available for prevention.
-
Rubella/German Measles
- Causative agent: Rubella virus.
- Symptoms include mild fever and rash.
- Incubation period: 12 to 23 days.
- Spread via respiratory droplets.
- Vaccination is key for prevention during pregnancy.
Additional Infections
-
Tetanus
- Caused by Clostridium tetani.
- Symptoms include muscle stiffness, spasms, and lockjaw.
- Incubation period: 7 to 10 days, variable.
- Transmitted via wound contamination.
- Preventive measure: DTaP vaccine.
-
Gas Gangrene
- Caused by Clostridium perfringens and others.
- Symptoms: severe pain, swelling, and gas production in tissues.
- Incubation period: Hours to days.
- Mode of transmission: Contaminated wounds.
- Requires immediate medical treatment.
-
Histoplasmosis
- Fungal disease caused by Histoplasma capsulatum.
- Symptoms may include fever, cough, fatigue.
- Incubation period: 3 to 17 days.
- Transmitted through inhalation of spores from bird/bat droppings.
- Avoiding high-risk areas can aid in prevention.
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Coccidioidomycosis/Valley Fever
- Caused by Coccidioides species.
- Symptoms: fever, cough, rash, and fatigue.
- Incubation period: 1 to 3 weeks.
- Transmitted through inhalation of spores in dust.
- No vaccine; avoid endemic areas.
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Hookworm Infection
- Caused by Ancylostoma duodenale or Necator americanus.
- Symptoms include anemia, fatigue, and abdominal discomfort.
- No significant incubation period; rapid onset post-exposure.
- Transmitted through contaminated soil.
- Preventive measures: footwear and sanitation practices.
-
Ascariasis
- Caused by Ascaris lumbricoides (roundworm).
- Symptoms may include abdominal pain, malnutrition.
- Variable incubation period post-ingestion of eggs.
- Transmitted via contaminated food/water.
- Preventive measures involve sanitation and hygiene.
Vector-Borne and Viral Diseases
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Plague
- Caused by Yersinia pestis.
- Symptoms: fever, chills, and swollen lymph nodes (bubonic).
- Incubation period: 1 to 7 days.
- Transmitted via flea bites or contact with infected animals.
- Preventive measures include avoiding rodent habitats.
-
Lyme Disease
- Caused by Borrelia burgdorferi transmitted via ticks.
- Symptoms include rash, fever, and fatigue.
- Incubation period: 3 to 30 days.
- Prevented by avoiding tick-infested areas and using repellents.
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Epidemic Typhus
- Caused by Rickettsia prowazekii.
- Symptoms: fever, chills, and rash.
- Incubation period: 1 to 2 weeks.
- Transmitted by lice.
- Preventive measures: good hygiene and controlling lice.
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Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
- Caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, transmitted by ticks.
- Symptoms include fever, rash, and history of tick exposure.
- Incubation period: 2 to 14 days.
- Preventive measures focus on tick avoidance.
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Malaria
- Caused by Plasmodium species, transmitted via Anopheles mosquitoes.
- Symptoms: fever, chills, and flu-like illness.
- Incubation period: 9 to 14 days.
- Preventive measures: mosquito control and prophylactic medications.
Arboviral Infections
-
West Nile Virus Encephalitis
- Caused by West Nile virus, spread by mosquitoes.
- Symptoms range from mild flu-like to severe neurological.
- Incubation period: 2 to 14 days.
- Preventive measures include mosquito control and protective clothing.
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St. Louis Encephalitis
- Causative agent: St. Louis encephalitis virus, also spread by mosquitoes.
- Symptoms include fever, headache, and neurological signs.
- Incubation period is usually 5 to 15 days.
- Preventive measures similar to West Nile.
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Eastern Equine Encephalitis
- Caused by Eastern equine encephalitis virus; transmitted by mosquitoes.
- Symptoms can be severe, potentially
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Description
Test your knowledge on various infectious diseases, focusing on Streptococcal Pharyngitis, Scarlet Fever, Diphtheria, and Pertussis. This quiz covers aspects such as symptoms, transmission modes, and treatment options. Enhance your understanding of disease causative agents and their virulence factors.
