Stratum Ordering and Productivity

What is the main purpose of understanding the conversion process?

To create new words without adding extra parts

According to Marchand (1969), what is paramount in determining the direction of conversion?

Semantic considerations

Which part of speech can sometimes originate from nouns through the conversion process?

Verbs

What determines the semantic priority in conversion according to Marchand (1969)?

The semantic implication by the other word Signup and view all the answers

In disyllabic words, where does the stress typically fall for most nouns?

On the first syllable Signup and view all the answers

What does lexical phonology help shed light on regarding the phenomenon of conversion?

The conversion process Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between Stratum 1 and Stratum 2 affixes?

Stratum 2 affixes are semantically less coherent compared to Stratum 1. Signup and view all the answers

What is the regular predictable meaning of the Stratum 2 suffix '-less'?

'Without' Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix '-ous' typically mean?

'Full of' Signup and view all the answers

Why is the meaning of the suffix '-ous' described as vague and unpredictable?

It depends on the base it combines with. Signup and view all the answers

Which stratum contains more idiosyncratic word-formation processes?

Stratum 1 Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix '-less' mean in word formation?

'Without' Signup and view all the answers

What is a fundamental feature of English lexical words such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs?

Stress Signup and view all the answers

According to Kiparsky (1982), at which Stratum does the stress remain on the first syllable when a noun is converted into a verb?

Stratum 2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the stress pattern for verbs derived from nouns at Stratum 2?

Stressed on the first syllable Signup and view all the answers

Which suffixes can cause stress to shift within a word according to the text?

-ee, -al, -ity, -ory Signup and view all the answers

What happens to stress when a verb is converted into a noun according to Kiparsky (1982)?

Stress moves to the first syllable Signup and view all the answers

Where does non-neutral suffixes cause stress to shift within a word?

Stratum 1 Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between denominal and deverbal conversion?

Denominal conversion happens in Stratum 2, while deverbal conversion occurs in Stratum 1. Signup and view all the answers

How are strong verbs formed according to the text?

Strong verbs change their stem vowel from /ɪ/ to /æ/ in the past tense. Signup and view all the answers

Which stratum predicts that a morphological process is likely to be more productive?

Stratum 2 Signup and view all the answers

What type of verbs are formed at Stratum 2 according to the text?

Denominal verbs Signup and view all the answers

Which rule applies only at Stratum 1 for verb formation?

Ablaut rule Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of forming verbs from the majority of nouns?

It implies that noun-to-verb conversion occurs more frequently than the inverse. Signup and view all the answers

What type of words are affected by the trisyllabic laxing rule?

Words with 3 or more syllables where one is stressed and followed by unstressed Signup and view all the answers

Which process cannot access the productive word-formation process at stratum 2?

Irregular processes at stratum 1 Signup and view all the answers

What does the trisyllabic laxing rule involve changing in the vowel?

Tense vowel to a lax vowel Signup and view all the answers

What does Velar softening transform /k/ into when followed by non-low front vowels?

[dʒ] Signup and view all the answers

Why can't the trisyllabic laxing rule be applied to 'nightingale' and 'ivory'?

They don't meet the syllable and stress criteria for the rule Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of the strict cycle condition on denominal verbs ending with -ing or -ink?

Prevents them from undergoing a specific rule Signup and view all the answers