Questions and Answers
What is the definition of valving the airstream?
What are the three major dimensions that classify consonants?
Place of articulation, manner of articulation, voicing.
What does 'place of articulation' refer to?
An obstruction formed when two articulators come close together.
What does 'manner of articulation' refer to?
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What is voicing?
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What are the 8 primary places of articulation in English?
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What are examples of bilabial sounds?
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What are examples of labiodental sounds?
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What are examples of interdental sounds?
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What are examples of alveolar sounds?
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What are examples of postalveolar sounds?
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What is an example of a palatal sound?
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What are examples of velar sounds?
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What are examples of glottal sounds?
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What is the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)?
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Why do we use IPA instead of just spelling?
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What are consonantal sounds?
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What are vowel sounds?
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What is a characteristic feature of a phonetic alphabet?
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What features classify consonants?
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What causes voicing in consonants?
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All normally spoken ______ are voiced.
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What are examples of voiced vowels?
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What are the two possibilities for voicing in English?
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What are examples of voiceless consonants?
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What is an articulator?
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What does 'place of articulation' identify?
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What do manners of articulation include?
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What is 'degree of stricture'?
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What does 'alternative airflow' refer to?
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What is dynamic movement of the tongue?
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What are the 6 manners of articulation in English?
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What are examples of stops?
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What are examples of fricatives?
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What are examples of affricates?
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What are examples of liquids?
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What are examples of glides?
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What are examples of nasals?
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What do sonorants have in common?
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What are the 3 manners considered sonorant sounds?
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Study Notes
Sound Classification Overview
- Sounds in languages are shaped by valving the airstream to produce periodic and aperiodic sounds.
Consonant Classification
- Consonants are categorized based on:
- Place of articulation
- Manner of articulation
- Voicing
Articulation Concepts
- Place of articulation: Formed by obstructions between two articulators (one moving, one stationary).
- Manner of articulation: Involves characteristics of speech organs beyond just obstruction location.
- Voicing: Refers to the closeness of the vocal cords during sound production.
Primary Places of Articulation in English
- Eight places include:
- Bilabial
- Labiodental
- Interdental
- Alveolar
- Postalveolar
- Palatal
- Velar
- Glottal
Examples of Consonant Types
- Bilabial: p, b, m, w
- Labiodental: f, v
- Interdental: th
- Alveolar: t, d, s, z, n, l
- Postalveolar: sh, ch, zh, j, r
- Palatal: y
- Velar: k, g, ng
- Glottal: h
Role of the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)
- IPA provides standardized symbols that correspond one-to-one with human speech sounds.
- Helps navigate inconsistencies in spelling, silent letters, and varying writing systems across languages.
Types of Sounds
- Consonantal sounds: Result from airflow obstruction in the vocal tract.
- Vowel sounds: Allow for minimal to no obstruction of airflow.
- Voiced sounds: Produced with vibrating vocal cords; includes vowels and sonorants such as /l/, /m/, /n/, /ŋ/, /w/, /j/.
Voicing in English
- Two categories: voiced and voiceless.
- Voiceless consonants examples: f, th-, s, sh, p, t, ch, k, h.
Articulatory Mechanisms
- Articulator: Organ that produces and distinguishes speech sounds (active: lips; passive: hard palate).
- Degree of stricture: Level of blockage in the speech sound (stops, fricatives, affricates).
- Alternative airflow: Air travels differently (e.g., nasals, laterals).
- Dynamic tongue movement: Involves actions such as flaps and trills.
Manner of Articulation in English
- Six manners include:
- Stops: [p] [b] [t] [d] [k] [g]
- Fricatives: [f] [v] [θ] [ð] [s] [z] [ʃ] [ʒ]
- Affricates: [ʧ] [ʤ]
- Liquids: [l] [ɹ]
- Glides: [w] [j]
- Nasals: [m] [n] [ŋ]
Sonorants
- Characterized by smooth airflow and typically voiced.
- Include nasals, glides, and liquids, viewed as sonorant sounds due to their airflow properties.
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Description
Explore the classification of sounds in linguistics with this quiz based on Chapter 10. Learn about the critical dimensions of consonants, including place and manner of articulation, as well as voicing. Enhance your understanding of how sounds are generated in languages.