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Questions and Answers
In the article 'What's the difference between dialects and languages?', what did the author say about the distinction between these terms?
In the article 'What's the difference between dialects and languages?', what did the author say about the distinction between these terms?
- There is no objective, scientific way to distinguish between a 'language' and a 'dialect'.
- Every person who can communicate using speech speaks some dialect.
- Speech varieties are often labeled a 'dialect' rather than a 'language' for political or ideological reasons.
- From a linguistic perspective, no dialect is better than any other.
- All of the above (correct)
What viewpoint is expressed in the article 'Are dialects dying?'?
What viewpoint is expressed in the article 'Are dialects dying?'?
- Dialects are dying out, thanks to mobility and the media.
- Dialect research shows that Northern and Southern speech in the U.S. are diverging. (correct)
- Dialect research shows that Northern and Southern speech in the U.S. are converging.
- Most speakers model their accents on TV programs which are broadcast around the country.
Match the suprasegmental features with the correct definition.
Match the suprasegmental features with the correct definition.
Length = The duration of a speech sound Pitch = How 'high' or 'low' a sound is, determined by the rate of vibration of the vocal folds Stress = Perceived prominence of a syllable, which may be correlated with volume, duration, and vowel quality
Languages in which variations in pitch alone can make a difference in a word's meaning are called:
Languages in which variations in pitch alone can make a difference in a word's meaning are called:
Read the following word in IPA and give the correct English spelling: [wǝɾɛvɹ̩]
Read the following word in IPA and give the correct English spelling: [wǝɾɛvɹ̩]
Read the following word in IPA and give the correct English spelling: [sɑɪəntɪsts]
Read the following word in IPA and give the correct English spelling: [sɑɪəntɪsts]
Read the following word in IPA and give the correct English spelling: [mǝʃinz]
Read the following word in IPA and give the correct English spelling: [mǝʃinz]
Read the following word in IPA and give the correct English spelling: [ɪŋklud]
Read the following word in IPA and give the correct English spelling: [ɪŋklud]
Read the following word in IPA and give the correct English spelling: [pækt]
Read the following word in IPA and give the correct English spelling: [pækt]
Read the following word in IPA and give the correct English spelling: [soʊp]
Read the following word in IPA and give the correct English spelling: [soʊp]
Read the following word in IPA and give the correct English spelling: [mɑʊθ]
Read the following word in IPA and give the correct English spelling: [mɑʊθ]
Read the following word in IPA and give the correct English spelling: [sæɾl̩]
Read the following word in IPA and give the correct English spelling: [sæɾl̩]
Identify the phonetic class that the following segments all belong to: [f θ ʒ s]
Identify the phonetic class that the following segments all belong to: [f θ ʒ s]
Identify the phonetic class that the following segments all belong to: [k g ŋ]
Identify the phonetic class that the following segments all belong to: [k g ŋ]
Identify the phonetic class that the following segments all belong to: [b d g m n ŋ]
Identify the phonetic class that the following segments all belong to: [b d g m n ŋ]
Identify the phonetic class that the following segments all belong to: [tʃ dʒ]
Identify the phonetic class that the following segments all belong to: [tʃ dʒ]
Identify the phonetic class that the following segments all belong to: [p b m]
Identify the phonetic class that the following segments all belong to: [p b m]
Identify the phonetic class that the following segments all belong to: [u ʊ o ɔ]
Identify the phonetic class that the following segments all belong to: [u ʊ o ɔ]
Identify the phonetic class that the following segments all belong to: [u ʊ o ɔ ɑ]
Identify the phonetic class that the following segments all belong to: [u ʊ o ɔ ɑ]
Identify the phonetic class that the following segments all belong to: [ɑ æ]
Identify the phonetic class that the following segments all belong to: [ɑ æ]
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Study Notes
Distinction Between Dialects and Languages
- No objective, scientific method exists to distinguish 'language' from 'dialect'.
- Everyone who communicates verbally speaks a dialect.
- Terms 'dialect' and 'language' are often politically or ideologically motivated.
- Linguistically, no dialect is superior to another.
Dialects and Their Evolution
- Dialects are perceived to be declining due to increased mobility and media influence.
- Research indicates Northern and Southern U.S. speech is becoming more distinct.
Suprasegmental Features
- Length refers to how long a speech sound lasts.
- Pitch indicates the frequency of a sound, affecting how "high" or "low" it is.
- Stress relates to the emphasis on a syllable, linked to volume, duration, and vowel quality.
Types of Language Variation
- Tone languages use pitch to differentiate meaning between words.
International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) Transcriptions
- [wǝɾɛvɹ̩] corresponds to "whatever."
- [sɑɪəntɪsts] corresponds to "scientists."
- [mǝʃinz] corresponds to "machines."
- [ɪŋklud] corresponds to "include."
- [pækt] corresponds to "packed."
- [soʊp] corresponds to "soap."
- [mɑʊθ] corresponds to "mouth."
- [sæɾl̩] corresponds to "saddle."
Phonetic Classes
- Segments [f θ ʒ s] classify as fricatives.
- Segments [k g ŋ] are identified as velars.
- Segments [b d g m n ŋ] are categorized as voiced stops.
- Segments [tʃ dʒ] fall under affricates.
- Segments [p b m] belong to bilabials.
- Segments [u ʊ o ɔ] are classified as rounded vowels.
- Segments [u ʊ o ɔ ɑ] identify as back vowels.
- Segments [ɑ æ] are categorized as low vowels.
- Segments [ɪ ɛ æ ʌ ɔ ʊ] pertain to various vowel classes.
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