Strategic Human Resource Management Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the main goal of the book 'Strategy and Human Resource Management'?

  • To integrate strategic management and human resource management. (correct)
  • To downplay the human issues affecting firm performance.
  • To focus solely on individual HR practices.
  • To explore the weaknesses of strategic management literature.

The authors believe that the human aspect is always a central consideration in strategic management literature.

False (B)

Who are the authors of the book?

Peter Boxall and John Purcell

The authors thank their publisher for the faith expressed in the commissioning of this ______ edition of their work.

<p>fifth</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the person with their contribution or description:

<p>Mick Marchington = Leading international scholar of HRM and employment relations Ursula Gavin = Helped with the publishing of the 5th edition Christian Ritter = Helped with the publishing of the 5th edition Michael Beer = Granted permission for the reproduction of Figure 3.1</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant contribution of Mick Marchington, according to the text?

<p>Being a leading international scholar of HRM and employment relations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The authors believe that HRM literature is adequately connected with the strategic aspects of an organization.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of 'The Harvard Map of the HRM Territory' in the context of the book?

<p>The book uses the Harvard map as a visual model to describe HRM.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In industries with capital-intensive production systems, what is a typical characteristic of labor costs?

<p>Labor costs are relatively low, often 10% or less of total costs. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

High-skill, high-commitment HR strategies are more commonly found in industries with low technology involvement.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental economic driver that can be observed in HRM?

<p>making the firm's human capabilities productive at an affordable cost</p> Signup and view all the answers

Managers have an incentive to adopt HR practices that will enhance organizational ________ or the capacity of the firm to change as its environment changes.

<p>flexibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are higher wages often justifiable for workers in capital-intensive industries?

<p>Because the workers' skills impact how well expensive technology is used. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cost-effectiveness is the sole economic motive observed in HRM.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What two types of flexibility should managers consider?

<p>short-run responsiveness and long-run agility</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the concepts with their descriptions:

<p>Capital-intensive industries = High technology and low proportion of labor costs Cost-effectiveness = Making human capabilities productive at an affordable cost Organizational flexibility = Capacity of the firm to change as its environment changes High-skill HR = Strategies focused on employee capabilities and commitment</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do employer federations tend to lobby for?

<p>Greater managerial freedom (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

All forms of management power are negative.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to agency theory, whose interests do managers' interests overlap but also diverge from?

<p>the firm's principals or owners</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Global Financial Crisis of 2008-9 led to criticism of banking executives' bonus payouts based on short-term performance targets, while the long-term health of their organizations was ______.

<p>undermined</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following concepts with their descriptions:

<p>Managerial Prerogative = Freedom of managers to act Agency Theory = Managers' interests differ from owners' Stakeholders = Individuals or groups with interest in a company Good Governance = Coordinating diverse stakeholder interests</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one reason why managers may not perfectly align with the interests of shareholders according to the text?

<p>Managers' motives include enhancing their salaries, security, status and power (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Managers do not need any degree of freedom in order to make important decisions for the sake of the organization.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Williamson suggest that managers' motives include, in addition to profit generation?

<p>enlarging their salaries, enhancing their security, and increasing their status, power and prestige</p> Signup and view all the answers

What fundamental principle underlies the relationship between firms and workers?

<p>Firms and workers have interests that are partly overlapping and partly conflicting. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Processes such as downsizing typically foster greater cooperation between firms and workers.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes a situation where one party feels they bear more of the costs and fewer of the benefits than the other party?

<p>relative trade-off</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a(n) ______, there is an allocation of the benefits and costs of the exchange that favors one party more than another.

<p>trade-off</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following situations with the type of trade-off they represent.

<p>Worker feels they contribute more than they receive = Relative Trade-off Workers are made redundant to ensure the company's survival = Absolute Trade-off An employer feels they heavily invested in an employee's training without improved performance = Relative Trade-off</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most fundamental tension associated with HRM?

<p>Firms need to compete in labor markets for the workforce they need. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In all countries, workers are not free to resign and seek alternative employment.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Provide an example as mentioned in the text, of an absolute trade-off, where one party's interest is sacrificed for another party's outcome

<p>workers are made redundant to help an organization remain financially viable</p> Signup and view all the answers

In multidivisional firms, what factor complicates HRM?

<p>Political interactions between corporate, divisional, and business-unit levels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The primary economic goal of HRM is solely to ensure legal compliance.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Besides economic goals, what are the two socio-political goals that drive HRM?

<p>Social legitimacy and management power.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Firms that operate across national boundaries face more complexity in HRM due to the impact of different __________ contexts.

<p>societal</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following HRM strategic goals with their descriptions:

<p>Cost Effectiveness = Managing people in a way that supports financial viability. Flexibility = Adapting HRM practices to changing economic contexts. Social Legitimacy = Operating in a manner that aligns with legal requirements and social customs. Management Power = Enhancing influence and control within the organization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'human resource advantage' primarily refer to?

<p>Seeking to develop competitive advantage through the quality of HRM (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

HRM is typically uniform across all employee groups within a firm.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What key question are managers driven to ask regarding the economic goals of HRM?

<p>What approaches to HRM are 'profit-rational' in our specific business?</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key implication of analyzing HRM's role in organizations?

<p>HRM performance is multidimensional and must consider both economic and social contexts. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Firms operate as completely independent entities without influence from their surrounding systems.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one major challenge caused by the pursuit of political power by management in a firm?

<p>It can undermine the firm's social legitimacy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The problem of labor market competition can impact firms that are weak and can further impact entire ______ and societies.

<p>industries</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following challenges with their descriptions.

<p>Labor market competition = Hamstrings weak firms and impacts industries. Employee motivation = A constant challenge in all firms requiring willing cooperation. Balancing short-run with long-run strategy = Difficulty caused by the need to adapt to change. Management's pursuit of political power = Can undermine a firm’s social legitimacy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does HR strategy describe?

<p>The critical set of choices managers make regarding workforce management and development. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Employee motivation is not that important for employment relationships.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a strategic impact of failing to handle strategic tensions and trade-offs effectively?

<p>It will negatively impact the organization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Integrated Fields

The combination of strategic management and HRM for organizational studies.

Strategic Management

Field focusing on organizational strategy and direction.

Human Resource Management (HRM)

Area concerned with managing people in organizations.

Weaknesses of Literature

Limitations in strategic management and HRM literature.

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Performance and Development

Key human issues affecting how firms operate and grow.

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Individual HR Practices

Specific actions and policies within HRM.

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Strategic Context

The broader environmental factors affecting organizational performance.

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Theory and Practice of Strategic HRM

The framework and practical application of integrating HRM with strategy.

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Managerial Power

The authority given to managers to make decisions and coordinate stakeholder interests.

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Stakeholder Coordination

The process by which management aligns diverse stakeholder interests within an organization.

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Good Governance

Effective management practices that benefit organizations and stakeholders over time.

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Agency Theory

A concept explaining the relationship between managers (agents) and owners (principals) of a company.

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Perverse Power-Seeking Behavior

When managers misuse their authority leading to negative outcomes for the organization.

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Short-term Performance Targets

Goals set to achieve immediate profits that may compromise long-term stability.

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Global Financial Crisis 2008-9

A major economic downturn caused by reckless financial practices and managerial decisions.

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Managerial Interests vs. Shareholders

The conflict between managers' personal pursuits and the objectives of shareholders.

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High-skill, high-commitment HR strategies

HR approaches focused on skilled workers in capital-intensive industries.

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Capital-intensive conditions

Situations where labor costs are low but technology costs are high.

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Impact of workers on technology

Skilled workers significantly affect technology utilization and productivity.

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Productivity rise

Increase in output due to better worker training and motivation.

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Cost-effectiveness in HRM

Rewarding and training employees to maximize productivity affordably.

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Organizational flexibility

The ability of a firm to adapt to changing environments.

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Short-run responsiveness

The immediate capability of a firm to react to market changes.

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Long-run agility

A firm's sustained ability to adapt to ongoing changes over time.

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Power Base in Management

A secure position management needs to align stakeholders.

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Super Salaries

High management salaries often harming shareholders and community.

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Multidimensional HRM Performance

HRM success measured by more than profit alone.

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Strategic Tensions

Conflicts arising from balancing short and long-term goals.

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Employee Motivation Challenges

Difficulties in fostering morale and cooperation among workers.

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Company Survival vs Employee Security

Conflict between maintaining profits and ensuring job security.

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Societal Context of Firms

Organizations are influenced by their larger social systems.

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HR Strategy

Key decisions on workforce management affecting firm performance.

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Segmented HRM Models

Different HRM models for various employee groups within a firm.

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Complex HRM Challenges

HRM complexity increases in multidivisional firms and international contexts.

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Economic Goals in HRM

Goals aimed at financial viability through cost-effective people management.

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Flexibility in HRM

The ability to adapt HRM practices to changing economic conditions.

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Human Resource Advantage

Using quality HRM to develop competitive advantages for the firm.

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Social Legitimacy

Ensuring compliance with legal and social norms in HRM.

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Socio-Political Goals

Goals that encompass social legitimacy and political power in HRM.

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Pluralist Assumption

A view that acknowledges both overlapping and conflicting interests between firms and workers in employment relations.

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Trade-offs

The process of allocating benefits and costs between parties, often favoring one over the other.

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Relative Trade-off

A situation where one party feels they receive less benefit compared to their contribution.

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Absolute Trade-off

A scenario where the interests of one party are sacrificed for the benefit or survival of another.

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Labour Market Competitiveness

The competition among firms to attract and retain skilled employees in the labor market.

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Downsizing Dynamics

A process involving reduction of the workforce, which often leads to conflict between management and employees.

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Organizational Growth Impact

An increase in revenue and opportunities that fosters cooperation between firms and employees.

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Employee Contributions

The input and performance that workers provide to an organization, impacting their perceived fairness in trade-offs.

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Study Notes

Strategic Human Resource Management (HRM)

  • HRM integrates strategic management and HRM, aiming to connect these two critical organizational fields.
  • Existing strategy literature often overlooks human factors impacting firm performance, while HRM literature often focuses on individual practices without relating them to the organization's strategic context.
  • High-skill, high-commitment HR strategies are prevalent in industries with capital-intensive production systems or advanced technology, where high labor costs are justified due to technology utilization impact.
  • Cost-effectiveness is a fundamental economic motive in HRM, analyzing what HR systems are profitable in a given context.
  • Organizational flexibility is also a crucial economic motive, aiming for adaptability to changing environments.
  • Short-run responsiveness and long-run agility are important distinctions for organizational flexibility.
  • Management power is needed, coordinating diverse stakeholders for good governance, but power can become perverse if unchecked.
  • Managers' self-interest can diverge from shareholders' interests, including seeking higher salaries, security, and status.
  • HRM involves complex trade-offs between overlapping and conflicting interests of firms and workers (pluralist model).
  • Examples of trade-offs include revenue growth vs. downsizing, or worker contributions vs. returns.

Labour Market Competitiveness

  • HRM is influenced by labor market competition, requiring firms to attract and retain skilled workers.
  • Labor markets are segmented and complex, varying by firm, business unit, multidivisional firm, and national boundaries.
  • HRM impacts line and specialist managers.

HRM Goals

  • Economic goals in HRM include cost-effectiveness, flexibility, and competitive advantage through HRM.
  • Socio-political goals include social legitimacy, maintaining a positive reputation and employing people according to legal and social requirements.
  • Management power is also a socio-political goal, used to coordinate various stakeholders and secure legitimacy.
  • HRM is critical but multidimensional, not just about profit, but also its social implications.

Strategic Tensions and Trade-offs

  • Labour market competition, employee motivation, balancing short-term and long-term strategies are major tensions.
  • Political power can impact social legitimacy and vice-versa.
  • These challenges are compounded by the external social context.
  • HR strategy is crucial for firm success, encompassing economic and socio-political choices for building and managing the workforce.

Acknowledgements

  • The authors express gratitude for contributions from colleagues, students and practitioners, and for sabbatical support for writing.
  • Appreciation for the publisher's faith and Ursula Gavin and Christian Ritter's hard work.
  • Special tribute and heartfelt thanks are paid to the late Mick Marchington for his co-editing, scholarship, and influence in HRM.

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