6 Streptococcus equi

In a 90-day old Thoroughbred foal diagnosed with Streptococcus equi infection, which clinical finding would most strongly suggest the presence of an immune-mediated component to the disease?

What diagnostic test would be most sensitive for detecting Streptococcus equi in a horse with atypical strangles?

Which of the following factors would most significantly increase the risk of a horse developing a high Streptococcus equi antibody titer?

Based on current evidence, which of the following environmental conditions would least favor the survival of Streptococcus equi?

What is the primary mechanism by which Streptococcus equi establishes infection in horses?

In cases of purpura hemorrhagica secondary to Streptococcus equi infection, corticosteroids are used to:

Which of the following would be the least appropriate management strategy in a horse showing clinical signs of strangles?

If a horse tests positive for Streptococcus equi via PCR but shows no clinical signs, what is the most appropriate next step?

What is the most significant risk associated with the use of penicillin in a horse with Strangles?

Which of the following clinical signs is least commonly associated with submandibular lymphadenopathy caused by Streptococcus equi?

After identification of a 'carrier' horse during management of an outbreak, which of the following management steps are correct?

After initial diagnosis of Strangles in a horse, what clinical finding is most suggestive that the horse has progressed to metastatic disease?

In a case of purpura hemorrhagica associated with Streptococcus equi, which laboratory finding would be most indicative of the condition?

In managing a Strangles outbreak on a farm, which of the following is least important?

When is the administration of an Intramuscular Streptococcus equi vaccine contraindicated?

Which of the following scenarios poses the greatest risk for the survival and spread of Streptococcus equi?

Which of the following best describes the expected findings on a complete blood count (CBC) in a foal with Strangles?

What is the purpose of performing nasopharyngeal culture and PCR in Strangles?

An elevated creatine phosphokinase (CK) is associated with which of the following conditions?

Appropriate methods of prevention include?

What is the primary reason to avoid vaccinating a horse during an outbreak?

After the initial infection, where does bacterial translocation occur?

What is the expected time of resolution for routine cases of Strangles?

The survival of Streptococcus equi may approach 30 days under which condition?

Which of the following is characteristic of purpura hemorrhagica?

When are local therapies used? (Select all that apply.)

In horses affected with Strangles, why are NSAIDs administered?

Which differential diagnosis is more likely to have a high SeM?

Which of the following therapies is least indicated in the treatment of purpura hemorrhagica?

Abscesses associated with Strangles should be treated with?

What diagnostic procedure is most helpful to perform after the identification of Strangles?

What diagnostic finding is most indicative of neutrophilic vasculitis?

Which of the following clinical signs is commonly associated with guttural pouch empyema?

How does an intranasal Streptococcus equi vaccine approximate natural immunity?

In routine cases of Strangles, why is aggressive therapy indicated?

Which of the following is NOT a clinical sign seen with purpura hemorrhagica?

When monitoring healthy horses during a Strangles outbreak, at what temperature is intervention indicated?

In a herd of horses experiencing a Strangles outbreak, a seemingly healthy horse tests positive for Streptococcus equi via nasopharyngeal PCR. Considering the dynamics of S. equi infection, what is the most critical next step in managing this individual horse to prevent further spread within the herd?

A horse presents with acute onset of painful limb swelling, petechiae on mucous membranes, and elevated creatine phosphokinase (CK) levels, three weeks following a Strangles outbreak on the farm. Considering the pathogenesis of these clinical signs, which underlying mechanism is most likely contributing to this horse's condition?

During a Strangles outbreak, farm management is considering implementing vaccination to control the spread. Which factor is the most critical to evaluate before deciding to vaccinate horses during an active outbreak?

A horse diagnosed with purpura hemorrhagica secondary to Streptococcus equi infection is being treated with corticosteroids. What is the primary therapeutic goal of corticosteroid administration in this specific context?

In managing a Strangles outbreak, identifying and managing 'carrier' horses is critical. What is the most reliable diagnostic approach to confirm Streptococcus equi carrier status in a horse that has recovered from clinical signs of Strangles?

Considering the survival characteristics of Streptococcus equi, which environmental condition would pose the greatest long-term risk for maintaining infectivity and potential transmission of the bacteria?

A horse presents with dysphagia, stertorous breathing, and bilateral nasal discharge. Endoscopic examination reveals a retropharyngeal abscess compressing the pharynx. While Streptococcus equi is a primary differential, which other pathogen should be considered as a less common but significant differential in this clinical scenario?

In a horse with Strangles, the decision to use systemic antibiotics is complex. Considering the potential disadvantages, in which clinical scenario would systemic antibiotic treatment be most clearly indicated despite the risks?

When monitoring horses during a Strangles outbreak, a tiered management system is implemented. For horses in the 'amber' zone (exposed or at risk), what temperature threshold should trigger intervention, such as isolation and further diagnostic testing, according to best practice guidelines?

A breeding farm is developing a long-term prevention strategy for Strangles. Considering the different vaccine options and their characteristics, which vaccination approach would be most effective in stimulating mucosal immunity and potentially reducing both disease incidence and severity in foals and adult horses?

Following the resolution of a Strangles outbreak on a farm, what is the recommended minimum duration for quarantine of the premises and newly introduced horses to minimize the risk of recurrence?

In cases of guttural pouch empyema secondary to Strangles, chondroids may form. What is the most significant clinical consequence of guttural pouch chondroid formation in horses?

A horse recovering from Strangles develops a cough and fever 4 weeks after initial diagnosis. Thoracic radiographs reveal multiple pulmonary abscesses. This progression is most consistent with which complication of Streptococcus equi infection?

When performing a transtracheal wash on the 90-day-old Thoroughbred foal described in the signalment and history, and considering the radiographic findings, which bacterial pathogen would be most crucial to differentiate from Streptococcus equi in the differential diagnosis of pneumonia?

The provided case history mentions the foal was treated with TMS (Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) and Gentamicin without improvement. Considering the typical antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Streptococcus equi, what is the most likely reason for the lack of clinical response to these antibiotics?

In the context of managing Strangles outbreaks, 'disinfection of premises' is listed as a key control measure. Which class of disinfectants would be most effective against Streptococcus equi while also being practical and safe for use in equine environments?

A horse owner is concerned about the risk of Strangles and inquires about preventative measures. They are particularly interested in biosecurity practices. Which biosecurity measure is likely to have the most significant impact on reducing the introduction of Streptococcus equi into a closed herd?

In a horse with purpura hemorrhagica, local therapy is often recommended as part of the management plan. What is the primary rationale for applying local therapies like hydrotherapy and support bandaging to affected limbs in these cases?

Elevated creatine phosphokinase (CK) is noted in a horse suspected of having purpura hemorrhagica. While CK elevation is consistent with muscle damage, what specific muscle-related condition, directly linked to purpura hemorrhagica, is most likely contributing to this finding?

In the provided images, Viborg's triangle is depicted. What is the primary anatomical significance of Viborg's triangle in the context of Strangles management?

The clinical presentation of atypical Strangles differs from classical Strangles. Which of the following best describes a key characteristic of atypical Strangles?

The case description of the 2-yr old QH filly with weight loss, colic, and abdominal mass, and a very high SeM titer (1:25,600), is most suggestive of what form of Streptococcus equi related disease?

Considering the pathogenesis of Strangles, bacterial translocation is a key early event. Where does bacterial translocation of Streptococcus equi primarily occur after initial colonization of the upper respiratory tract?