Stomach Anatomy and Ligaments

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Questions and Answers

What is the capacity of the stomach at birth?

30 mL (correct)

10 mL

2 L

1.5 L

Where does the cardiac end of the stomach lie in relation to the midline?

Directly at the midline

1 inch to the right of midline

1 inch to the left of midline (correct)

2 cm above the midline

What is the closest anatomical structure related to the pyloric end of the stomach?

Quadrate lobe of the liver (correct)

Right lobe of the liver

Diaphragm

Left lobe of the liver

Which feature is NOT associated with the pyloric part of the stomach?

Direction towards the left Signup and view all the answers

What prevents gastro-oesophageal reflux?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which vertebra level is associated with the transpyloric plane?

L1 vertebra Signup and view all the answers

How can the pylorus be identified during surgical procedures?

By the thickness of the pyloric sphincter Signup and view all the answers

What does the cardiac end of the stomach lack?

Anatomical sphincter Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the stomach?

J-shaped Signup and view all the answers

Which regions does the stomach primarily occupy?

Right hypochondrium, epigastrium, and umbilical regions Signup and view all the answers

What type of supply is crucial for the functioning of the stomach?

Blood, nerve and lymphatic supply Signup and view all the answers

How many regions subdivide the abdominal cavity?

Nine Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the subdivisions of the abdominal cavity?

Cardiac region Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of the stomach in terms of size?

Very distensible Signup and view all the answers

Identify the specific part of the stomach that connects to the oesophagus.

Cardiac end Signup and view all the answers

Which two planes are used as transverse divisions of the abdominal cavity?

Subcostal and intertubercular Signup and view all the answers

What covers the postero-inferior surface of the stomach?

Peritoneum of the lesser sac Signup and view all the answers

Which ligament connects the greater curvature of the stomach with the spleen?

Gastrosplenic ligament Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of arterial blood supply to the stomach?

Celiac trunk and its branches Signup and view all the answers

From which artery does the left gastroepiploic artery originate?

Splenic artery Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is NOT associated with the bare area of the stomach?

Right crus of the diaphragm Signup and view all the answers

What type of drainage do the veins from the stomach primarily enter?

Portal vein or its tributaries Signup and view all the answers

The greater omentum connects which parts of the digestive system?

Stomach and duodenum Signup and view all the answers

Which arteries anastomose along the lesser curvature of the stomach?

Right and left gastric arteries Signup and view all the answers

Which veins drain into the portal vein?

Short gastric veins Signup and view all the answers

Which lymph nodes do gastric lymphatic vessels primarily drain into?

Left gastric and paracardial nodes Signup and view all the answers

Where do the sympathetic fibers supplying the stomach originate?

Spinal cord segments T6 to T10 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of the sympathetic supply to the stomach?

Inhibit stomach musculature Signup and view all the answers

Which surgical procedure involves cutting the vagus nerves to cure chronic duodenal ulcers?

Vagotomy Signup and view all the answers

Which spinal segments are involved in the gastric pain sensation referred to the epigastric region?

T6 to T10 Signup and view all the answers

Which veins drain into the splenic vein?

Short gastric veins Signup and view all the answers

What happens in portal hypertension regarding gastric and esophageal varices?

Opening of porta-systemic anastomosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the notch found on the lesser curvature of the stomach?

Angular notch Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the stomach is typically distended with gas?

Fundus Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is attached to the greater curvature of the stomach?

Greater omentum Signup and view all the answers

What is the terminal part of the pyloric portion of the stomach called?

Pyloric canal Signup and view all the answers

Which ligaments are associated with the greater curvature of the stomach?

Gastro-splenic and gastro-phrenic Signup and view all the answers

Which vessel runs between the layers of the lesser omentum?

Left gastric artery Signup and view all the answers

What separates the fundus of the stomach from the pericardium and heart?

Diaphragm Signup and view all the answers

What is the orientation of the pyloric antrum in relation to the body of the stomach?

Below the body Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Stomach - Anatomy

The stomach is the dilated part of the digestive tract connecting the esophagus and small intestine.
It lies in the left hypochondrium, epigastrium, and umbilical regions.
It is J-shaped and very distensible, with a capacity of 30 mL at birth and 1.5-2 liters in adults.
It has two orifices: the cardiac and pyloric openings.
The cardiac orifice is at the junction with the esophagus.
The pyloric orifice is at the junction between the stomach and the small intestine.
It has two borders or curvatures: the lesser and greater curvatures.
It has two surfaces: the anterior and posterior surfaces.
It is completely covered by peritoneum except for a small area on its posterior surface near the cardiac orifice, called the bare area of the stomach.
The peritoneum covering the anterior and posterior surfaces of the stomach meet at the curvatures to form ligaments.

Stomach Ligaments

The lesser omentum connects the lesser curvature and the first inch of the duodenum with the porta hepatis (hilum of the liver).
The greater omentum connects the right two thirds of the greater curvature and the first inch of the duodenum with the transverse colon and the anterior border of the body of the pancreas.
The gastrosplenic ligament connects the upper left one third of the greater curvature with the hilum of the spleen.
The gastrophrenic ligament connects the fundus of the stomach with the diaphragm.

Stomach Blood Supply

The stomach receives a rich arterial supply from the celiac trunk and its branches.
The lesser curvature is supplied by the left gastric artery (from the celiac trunk) and the right gastric artery (from the hepatic artery).
The greater curvature is supplied by the short gastric arteries (from the splenic artery), the left gastroepiploic artery (from the splenic artery), and the right gastroepiploic artery (from the gastroduodenal artery).

Stomach Venous Drainage

The venous drainage of the stomach is by veins that end either in the portal vein or one of its tributaries.
The left and right gastric veins drain into the portal vein.
The short gastric veins, left gastroepiploic vein, and the right gastroepiploic vein drain into the splenic vein, with the right gastroepiploic vein also draining into the superior mesenteric vein.

Stomach Lymphatic Drainage

The lymphatic vessels of the stomach accompany the arteries and drain into lymph nodes.
The lymph nodes are divided into groups: paracardial, left gastric, pyloric, hepatic, right gastroduodenal, pancreaticosplenic.
From these nodes, efferent vessels drain into the celiac group of lymph nodes.

Stomach Nerve Supply

The sympathetic nerve supply comes from the spinal cord segments T6 to T10 via the celiac plexus.
The parasympathetic nerve supply comes from both vagus nerves, through the anterior and posterior gastric vagal nerves.
The sympathetic nerves are motor to the pyloric sphincter and inhibitory to the rest of the stomach musculature.
The parasympathetic nerves are motor to the muscle wall, increasing stomach motility, and secretory to the glands of the stomach.

Applied Anatomy

The left gastric and short gastric veins connect to the esophageal veins draining the abdominal part of the esophagus (portal).
These anastomose with the esophageal veins draining the thoracic part of the esophagus (systemic).
In portal hypertension, this porta-systemic anastomosis can lead to gastric and esophageal varices.

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Description

This quiz covers the anatomy of the stomach, including its location, shape, orifices, and the associated ligaments. Learn about its structure, capacity differences between infants and adults, and the unique features such as the lesser and greater curvatures. Test your knowledge on the anatomy of this vital component of the digestive system.