Sterilization and Disinfection Methods Quiz

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What is the main function of ligase in DNA?

Assists in gluing DNA fragments together (correct)

Aids in the repair of DNA damage

Helps remove DNA fragments

Promotes DNA replication

Which process involves the transfer of genetic material from a donor cell to a recipient cell using sex pili?

Recombination

Transformation

Conjugation (correct)

Transduction

What mutation refers to a change in the original nucleotide sequence of a gene?

Transformation mutation

Recombination mutation

Genotypic mutation

Phenotypic mutation (correct)

Which type of organism requires oxygen to grow and thrives well in room air?

Facultative anaerobe Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between respiration and fermentation in energy production?

Respiration requires oxygen while fermentation does not. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of obligate anaerobes among anaerobic organisms?

They cannot grow in the presence of oxygen. Signup and view all the answers

What can cause goiter, hypothyroidism, and other issues when the skin is immunocompromised?

Iodophor Signup and view all the answers

Which element is found in spores and can affect the degree of killing of organisms?

Calcium Signup and view all the answers

Which substance is no longer used for ophthalmia neonatorum?

Silver nitrate Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the factors that affects the exposure time needed for 99.9% elimination of organisms?

The presence of spores Signup and view all the answers

Which type of organism is most resistant to heat, chemicals, and radiation?

Prions Signup and view all the answers

What determines the exposure time necessary for 99.9% elimination of organisms?

The microbial load Signup and view all the answers

What is the highest temperature range for incineration as a physical method of sterilization?

900 C - 1000 C Signup and view all the answers

Which method is classified as a chemical method of sterilization?

Ethylene oxide Signup and view all the answers

What is the temperature requirement for moist heat sterilization via autoclave?

121 C at 1 atm Signup and view all the answers

Which type of filter is used in air filtration for sterilization?

High efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter Signup and view all the answers

What effect does ionizing radiation have on DNA during sterilization?

Destroy DNA through mutation Signup and view all the answers

What is the main disadvantage of dry heat sterilization compared to moist heat?

Longer exposure time Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between exotoxins and endotoxins?

Release mechanism Signup and view all the answers

What does a capsule around bacteria help resist?

Phagocytosis Signup and view all the answers

Which toxin is produced by Clostridium botulinum?

Neurotoxins Signup and view all the answers

When are specimens ideally collected for testing?

Before the medicines are administered Signup and view all the answers

Which factor causes tissue and cellular damage in pathogenic microorganisms?

Hyaluronidase Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of transmission for Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

Through aerosols Signup and view all the answers

Which level of biocontainment deals with agents like Congo-Crimean hemorrhagic fever and Marburg virus?

Level 4 Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes an opportunistic pathogen?

Causes disease when the host is immunocompromised Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a true pathogen from an opportunistic pathogen?

Ability to invade the tissue of healthy individuals Signup and view all the answers

Which type of infection originates from medical instruments or procedures?

Iatrogenic infection Signup and view all the answers

In the context of pathogenicity, what does Nosocomial pathogen refer to?

Hospital-acquired infections Signup and view all the answers