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Chapter 18: Sterilization and Disinfection Quiz
73 Questions
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Chapter 18: Sterilization and Disinfection Quiz

Created by
@RapturousSunflower

Questions and Answers

A bacterial spore consists of a hard, thick-walled capsule that can resist adverse conditions.

True

The purpose of sanitization is to remove all microorganisms and spores from a contaminated article.

False

According to OSHA, gloves do not need to be worn during the sanitization process.

False

Glutaraldehyde (Cidex) is a high-level disinfectant.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

High-level disinfection kills all microorganisms but not spores.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sterilization is the process of destroying all forms of microbial life except for bacterial spores.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Autoclave tape indicates whether an autoclaved item is sterile.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The wrapper used to autoclave articles should prevent contaminants from getting in during handling and storage.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Tap water should be used in the autoclave.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The inside of the autoclave should be wiped every day with a damp cloth.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The agent used to destroy microorganisms on an article depends on the size of the article.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The purpose of the Hazard Communications Standard is to ensure that employees do not use hazardous chemicals in the workplace.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Hazard Communications Standard requires that the label of a hazardous chemical include GHS hazard pictograms.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Stethoscopes must be decontaminated using a high-level disinfectant.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The most common temperature and pressure for autoclaving is 212F at 15 lbs of pressure per square inch.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

A sterilization strip should be positioned in the center of a wrapped pack.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The best means of determining the effectiveness of the sterilization process are biologic indicators.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The proper time for sterilizing an article in the autoclave depends on what is being autoclaved.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

A pack that has been in the storage cupboard for 4 weeks should be resterilized.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ethylene oxide gas is used by medical manufacturers to sterilize disposable items.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does one determine what type of physical or chemical agent to use to destroy microorganisms on an article?

<p>On the intended use of the article.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List two diseases that are caused by bacteria that produce spores.

<p>Botulinum and tetani.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of bacterial spores?

<p>Representing a resting and protective stage of the bacterial cell and are more resistant to drying, sunlight, heat, and disinfectants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Hazard Communication Standard?

<p>Ensure that employees are informed of the hazards associated with chemicals in their workplace and the precautions to take to protect themselves when working with hazardous chemicals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a health hazard and a physical hazard?

<p>Health hazard includes the potential of chemical to cause acute toxicity, skin corrosion or irritation, serious eye damage or irritation, respiratory or skin sensitization germ cell mutagenicity cancer or reproductive toxicity or is an aspiration hazard. Physical hazard includes the potential of the chemical to catch fire, explode, or react with other chemicals or materials.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS)?

<p>International standard that provides consistency in the classification and labeling of chemicals through the use of pictograms, signal words, and hazard warnings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List four examples of hazardous chemicals that may be used in the medical office.

<p>Clean products, chemicals used for laboratory testing, products for sanitization, disinfection, and sterilization, front office products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What information must be included on a hazardous chemical label?

<p>Supply identification, GHS signal word, GHS Hazard statement, and any supplementary information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a GHS signal word?

<p>A word used to indicate the relative degree of severity of the hazardous chemical and to alert the user to a potential hazard on the label.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of the following GHS signal words?

<p>Danger denotes a more severe hazard possible. Warning denotes a less serious hazard possible but potentially harmful.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a GHS hazard statement and a GHS precautionary statement?

<p>GHS hazard statement is a phrase that describes the types of hazards associated with a hazardous chemical, including, when appropriate, the degree of the hazard. GHS precautionary statements phrases that describe recommended measures to be taken to minimize or prevent adverse effects resulting from exposure to the hazardous chemical or from improper storage or handling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a GHS hazard pictogram and what is its purpose?

<p>Allow employees to quickly identify the types of hazard associated with a hazardous chemical.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List and briefly describe the information that must be included in a Safety Data Sheet.

<p>Identification, lists of ingredient hazardous chemicals, and firefighting measures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of sanitizing an article?

<p>To remove organic material from an article and to reduce to a safe level the number of microorganisms on the article.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of using the ultrasound method to clean instruments?

<p>Instruments do not have to be handled during the cleaning process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should gloves be worn during the sanitization procedure?

<p>Protects the medical assistant from blood borne pathogens and other potentially infectious materials.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should instruments be handled carefully?

<p>Instruments are expensive and delicate, yet durable. Can last for many years when handled and maintained properly (to prevent damage and harm).</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should a chemical not be used past its expiration date?

<p>It can lose its potency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why must a cleaning agent with a neutral pH be used to sanitize instruments?

<p>Could leave an orange stain looking like rust.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of brush should be used to clean the following parts of an instrument?

<p>Stiff nylon brush, stainless steel wire brush, commercial instrument stain remover.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should each of the following be checked for defects and proper working condition?

<p>a. Blades of an instrument: blades should be straight (not bent). b. Tips of an instrument: tips should approximate tightly and evenly when the instrument is closed. c. Instrument with a box lock: instrument with box lock should move freely but must not be too loose. d. Cutting edge of a sharp instrument: cutting edge of sharp instrument should be smooth and devoid of nicks. e. Scissors: scissors should cut cleanly and smoothly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of lubricating an instrument?

<p>Makes the instrument function better and last longer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of high-level disinfection?

<p>Process that destroys all micro-organisms with the expectation of bacterial spores.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List one example of an item that requires high-level disinfection. List one example of a high-level disinfectant.

<p>Flexible fiberoptic sigmoidoscope.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List two examples of items that can be disinfected through intermediate-level disinfection. List one example of an intermediate-level disinfectant.

<p>Items that come in contact with intact skin, but not mucous membrane and surgical instruments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List two examples of items that are disinfected by low-level disinfection.

<p>Examining tables, laboratory countertops, and walls.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of sterilization?

<p>Destroy all forms of microbial life, including bacterial spores.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical item? List examples of critical items.

<p>An item that comes in contact with sterile tissue or the vascular system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the pressure used in the autoclaving process?

<p>Sterilized items that are not harmed by moisture or high temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important that all air be removed from the autoclave during the sterilization process?

<p>The temperature that is adequate for sterilization is not reached. The temperature is reduced.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What temperature and pressure are the most commonly used to sterilize materials with the autoclave?

<p>250F (121C) 15 pounds of pressure per square inch.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What information does the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommend be recorded in an autoclave log regarding each cycle?

<p>Date and time of the cycle, description of the load, exposure time, exposure temperature, results of the sterilization indicator, initial of the operator.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a sterilization indicator?

<p>To determine the effectiveness of the procedure and to check against improper wrapping articles, improper loading the autoclave, and faulty operation of the autoclave.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if a sterilization indicator does not change properly?

<p>Review manufacturer's guidelines for proper sterilization techniques, the articles should be re-sterilized following these guidelines. If the indicator still doesn't change, the autoclave is in need of repair and should not be used until then.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should sterilization indicators be stored?

<p>Cool, dry area.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the advantages and disadvantages of autoclave tape?

<p>Contains a chemical that changes color if it has been exposed to steam. It is placed outside the packaging, it cannot ensure that steam has penetrated to the center of the pack. It also does not ensure that the item has been sterilized.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should a sterilization strip be placed in a wrapped pack?

<p>In the center, with the end containing the placed area of the packer considered to be the hardest for steam to penetrate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How often should a biological indicator be used to monitor an autoclave?

<p>At least once a week.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of wrapping articles to be autoclaved?

<p>Protect them from re-contamination during handling and storage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List two properties of a good wrapper for use in autoclaving.

<p>Not affected by the sterilization process, allow steam to penetrate while preventing contaminants from entering during handling and storage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List three examples of wrapping materials used for the autoclave and identify an advantage of each type.

<p>Sterilization paper - disposable and inexpensive. Sterilization pouches provide good visibility of the contents. Muslin - flexible and easy to handle, can be reused and is durable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why shouldn't tap water be used to fill the water reservoir of an autoclave?

<p>It contains minerals, such as chlorine, which have corrosive effects on the stainless-steel chamber of the autoclave.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should the following be positioned in the autoclave?

<p>a. Small packs: 1-4 inches apart. b. Large packs: 2-4 inches apart. c. Jars and glassware: placed on their sides in the autoclave with their lids removed. d. Sterilization pouches: positioned on their sides to maximize steam circulation and facilitate the drying process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is more time needed to autoclave a large minor office surgery pack?

<p>More time needed to penetrate the center of the pack.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the amount of time required to sterilize articles in the autoclave?

<p>When the desired temperature is reached.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why must a sterilized load be allowed to dry before it is removed from the autoclave?

<p>Microorganisms can move quickly through the moisture on a wet wrap and onto the sterile article inside, resulting in contamination (needs to be 100% dry).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is event-related sterility?

<p>Sterile pack is considered sterile indefinitely unless an event occurs that interferes with the sterility of the article.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should sterilized packs be stored?

<p>Clean, dry areas that are free from dust, insects, and other sources of contamination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the care an autoclave should receive on a daily basis.

<p>Wipe the outside of the autoclave with a damp cloth and mild detergent. Wipe the interior of the autoclave and trays with a damp cloth (distilled water). Clean the rubber gasket on the door of the autoclave with a damp cloth (distilled water). Inspect the rubber door gasket for damage that could prevent a good seal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is a longer exposure period needed to ensure sterilization when using the dry-heat oven?

<p>Microorganisms and spores are more resistant to dry heat than moist heat and because dry heat penetrates more slowly and unevenly than moist heat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does moist heat have on instruments with sharp cutting edges?

<p>Corrosive and dulls them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the medical manufacturing industry use ethylene oxide gas sterilization?

<p>Sterilize heat-sensitive items that cannot be sterilized in an autoclave.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What guidelines must be followed when using cold sterilization?

<p>Completely submerged for a long time. Chemical must be designated as sterile by the EPA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Sterilization and Disinfection Overview

  • Bacterial spores are hardy capsules that resist harsh conditions.
  • Sanitization removes microorganisms but does not eliminate all spores.
  • OSHA requires gloves during sanitization for protection.
  • High-level disinfectants like Glutaraldehyde (Cidex) kill most microorganisms excluding spores.

Sterilization Processes

  • Sterilization eliminates all microbial life, including spores; it's comprehensive.
  • Autoclave tape indicates processing but does not confirm sterility.
  • The wrapper for autoclaved items must be contamination-proof.
  • Use distilled water in autoclaves to avoid corrosion.

Autoclave Best Practices

  • Autoclave must be regularly cleaned and maintained for effective operation.
  • Sterilization strips should be placed centrally in packs.
  • Biological indicators are essential for verifying sterilization effectiveness on a weekly basis.
  • A sterilization log is crucial for tracking cycle performance and results.

Chemical and Physical Hazards

  • The Hazard Communications Standard guides safe chemical usage in workplaces, including labeling with GHS pictograms.
  • Differences exist between health hazards (toxic effects) and physical hazards (fire or explosion risks) related to chemicals.

Disinfection Levels

  • High-level disinfection involves destroying most microorganisms but not spores; it's vital for items like sigmoidoscopes.
  • Intermediate-level disinfection applies to items like surgical instruments, while low-level disinfection is suitable for surfaces like lab counters.
  • Sterilization focuses on critical items that contact sterile tissue or the vascular system, ensuring they are germ-free.

Autoclaving Techniques and Guidelines

  • Autoclaving at 250°F (121°C) with 15 pounds of pressure is the standard for effective sterilization.
  • Proper positioning of items in an autoclave ensures steam circulation and effective processing.
  • Sterilized items need to dry completely to prevent contamination from moisture.

GHS and Safety Data

  • Safety Data Sheets (SDS) provide crucial details about chemical hazards, handling measures, and firefighting strategies.
  • GHS signal words indicate the severity of chemical hazards; "Danger" signals severe risk, while "Warning" denotes lesser potential harm.

Instrument Care and Maintenance

  • Instruments should be handled carefully to avoid damage and ensure longevity.
  • Use neutral pH cleaning agents to avoid staining and maintain instrument integrity.
  • Store sterilized packs in a clean, dry, and uncontaminated environment.

Special Considerations

  • Ethylene oxide is suitable for sterilizing heat-sensitive items that can't withstand autoclaving.
  • Cold sterilization methods require complete submersion in the chemical for the required duration to ensure effectiveness.

Daily Autoclave Maintenance

  • Routine cleansing of autoclave hardware ensures proper function and longevity.
  • Inspecting and maintaining door seals prevents failures that could compromise sterilization effectiveness.
  • Sterile items remain effective until an event compromises their sterility, emphasizing careful handling and storage practices.

This structured guide encompasses key concepts in sterilization and disinfection necessary for effective practice in medical settings.

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Test your knowledge on sterilization and disinfection concepts with this Chapter 18 quiz. The flashcards cover essential definitions and true/false questions to reinforce your understanding of microbiological safety practices. Ideal for students studying microbiology or health sciences.

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