Sterilization and Disinfection Lecture Objectives

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What is the purpose of the holder method mentioned in the text?

To ensure sterility by boiling for 10 minutes

To kill Coxiella burnetti at 63-66°C for 30 minutes (correct)

To kill vegetative organisms at 100°C for 10 minutes

To destroy germinated spores on each of 3 successive days

What is the main purpose of Tyndallization as described in the text?

Killing germinated spores over a period of 3 successive days (correct)

Ensuring sterility by steaming for 90 minutes at 100°C

Precautionary measure for filtering heat-labile materials

Destroying vegetative organisms and spores in a single day

Which physical method is primarily used for sterilization of heat-labile materials?

Tyndallization

Boiling at 100°C

The flash method

Filtration through mechanical sieving (correct)

What temperature and duration are typically used in the flash method for sterilization?

72°C for 20 seconds Signup and view all the answers

In the context of vaccine preparation, what temperature is used and for how long?

60°C for 1 hour Signup and view all the answers

What is the main means of dry heat sterilization?

Hot air oven Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the removal of all viable micro-organisms, including bacterial and fungal spores?

Sterilization Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for killing bacteria?

Bactericidal Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves total destruction by burning?

Incineration Signup and view all the answers

What does a bacteriostatic substance do?

Inhibits growth of bacteria Signup and view all the answers

Which substance is used on living tissues for inhibiting or destroying microorganisms?

Antiseptic Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using cotton wool plug in tubes during air filtration?

To allow sterile air to enter Signup and view all the answers

Which type of radiation is used to sterilize plastics, pharmaceutical products, and preserve foods?

Gamma radiation and X-rays Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using Seitz filter (compressed asbestos) and sintered glass filter (Berkefield) during filtration?

To hold back bacteria, fungi, and extraneous materials Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of ultraviolet light on nucleic acids?

Denatures proteins and nucleic acids Signup and view all the answers

Which type of radiation absorbs water molecules and releases microwave energy as heat?

Microwave radiation Signup and view all the answers

How does gamma radiation and X-rays affect proteins and nucleic acids?

Denatures them Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method used in the sterilization of surgical instruments employing Infra-Red radiation?

Electrically heated element Signup and view all the answers

What is the temperature range typically used in Hot Air Sterilizers?

> 1000°C Signup and view all the answers

In Autoclaving, what is the temperature required for sterilization at 15 lbs pressure for 15 minutes?

121°C Signup and view all the answers

Which method ensures the destruction of non-spore forming organisms like Mycobacteria?

Pasteurization Signup and view all the answers

What method can be employed to monitor autoclave sterilization through a dark color change indicator?

Chemical indicators Signup and view all the answers

What type of autoclave is designed for placement on a table-top?

Steam-jacketed autoclave Signup and view all the answers

Which agent denatures proteins by altering the pH of the organism's environment?

Acids Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of using ethanol in sterilizing skin and disinfecting clinical thermometers?

To kill bacteria Signup and view all the answers

Which agent is bactericidal specifically for Neisseria gonorrhoeae?

Heavy metals like silver nitrate Signup and view all the answers

Why are alcohols like ethanol considered ineffective against viruses?

They require water for activity Signup and view all the answers

Which agent is commonly used as an antiseptic for cuts and burns?

Oxidizing agents like household bleach Signup and view all the answers

How do heavy metals like silver nitrate affect proteins and other organic molecules?

By precipitating proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of using cotton wool plugs in tubes during air filtration?

To provide a sterile environment for operating theatres Signup and view all the answers

How does microwave radiation contribute to sterilization?

By absoring water molecules Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a Seitz filter (compressed asbestos) and sintered glass filter (Berkefield) during filtration?

To hold back bacteria, fungi, and extraneous materials Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of ultraviolet light on microorganisms?

Denatures proteins and nucleic acids Signup and view all the answers

How do Gamma radiation and X-rays primarily contribute to sterilization?

By ionizing radiation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a syringe filter in the filtration process?

To hold back bacteria, fungi, and extraneous materials Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between Infra-Red radiation and Hot Air Sterilization?

Infra-Red uses lower temperatures compared to Hot Air Sterilization Signup and view all the answers

Why is autoclaving considered a widely used method for sterilization?

It ensures sterilization at a specific high temperature under pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of autoclave control mechanisms like temperature record and indicators?

To track and verify the sterilization process Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between a satisfactory run and an unsatisfactory run in autoclaving?

Satisfactory run shows a color change while unsatisfactory run does not Signup and view all the answers

Why is pasteurization typically carried out?

To ensure the destruction of spore-forming micro-organisms Signup and view all the answers

Which method ensures the destruction of non-spore forming organisms like Mycobacteria?

Pasteurization Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between sterilization and disinfection?

Sterilization kills all microorganisms including spores, while disinfection only removes or kills disease-causing microorganisms. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of asepsis?

To prevent the access of microorganisms to materials. Signup and view all the answers

Which method of dry heat sterilization involves total destruction by burning?

Incineration Signup and view all the answers

What is the temperature range typically used in Hot Air Sterilizers?

160°C - 180°C Signup and view all the answers

Which substance is specifically used on living tissues for inhibiting or destroying microorganisms?

Antiseptic Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following agents is NOT effective against viruses?

Alcohols Signup and view all the answers

What heavy metal is widely used as an antiseptic for its ability to precipitate proteins and organic molecules?

Silver nitrate Signup and view all the answers

Which agent is specifically effective against Neisseria gonorrhoeae?

Silver nitrate Signup and view all the answers

Which oxidizing agent is commonly used as a sporicidal and effective disinfectant?

Iodine Signup and view all the answers

Which alkali is known to kill vegetative forms?

NaOH Signup and view all the answers

'Water is essential for activity' is a characteristic associated with which type of agent?

Alcohols Signup and view all the answers

Which disinfectant is 10 times more effective than formaldehyde and is used as a 2% concentration?

Glutaraldehyde Signup and view all the answers

Why are alkylating agents like glutaraldehyde and formaldehyde preferred for disinfection in invasive procedures?

They are effective against spores Signup and view all the answers

What makes high-level disinfection methods like activated glutaraldehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and formaldehyde the method of choice for critical items?

They are broad-spectrum in activity Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic makes glutaraldehyde different from formaldehyde in terms of disinfection effectiveness?

Glutaraldehyde is 10 times more effective and used at a 2% concentration Signup and view all the answers

Why is formaldehyde commonly used for preserving tissues and as an embalming fluid?

It is lethal to bacteria and viruses Signup and view all the answers

What makes glutaraldehyde suitable for disinfecting medical instruments like endoscopes that cannot be sterilized by steam?

It is broad spectrum in activity including virucidal capabilities Signup and view all the answers

Sterilization and Disinfection Lecture Objectives

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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of the holder method mentioned in the text?

What is the main purpose of Tyndallization as described in the text?

Which physical method is primarily used for sterilization of heat-labile materials?

What temperature and duration are typically used in the flash method for sterilization?

In the context of vaccine preparation, what temperature is used and for how long?

What is the main means of dry heat sterilization?

Which term refers to the removal of all viable micro-organisms, including bacterial and fungal spores?

What is the term for killing bacteria?

Which process involves total destruction by burning?

What does a bacteriostatic substance do?

Which substance is used on living tissues for inhibiting or destroying microorganisms?

What is the purpose of using cotton wool plug in tubes during air filtration?

Which type of radiation is used to sterilize plastics, pharmaceutical products, and preserve foods?

What is the purpose of using Seitz filter (compressed asbestos) and sintered glass filter (Berkefield) during filtration?

What is the effect of ultraviolet light on nucleic acids?

Which type of radiation absorbs water molecules and releases microwave energy as heat?

How does gamma radiation and X-rays affect proteins and nucleic acids?

What is the primary method used in the sterilization of surgical instruments employing Infra-Red radiation?

What is the temperature range typically used in Hot Air Sterilizers?

In Autoclaving, what is the temperature required for sterilization at 15 lbs pressure for 15 minutes?

Which method ensures the destruction of non-spore forming organisms like Mycobacteria?

What method can be employed to monitor autoclave sterilization through a dark color change indicator?

What type of autoclave is designed for placement on a table-top?

Which agent denatures proteins by altering the pH of the organism's environment?

What is the main purpose of using ethanol in sterilizing skin and disinfecting clinical thermometers?

Which agent is bactericidal specifically for Neisseria gonorrhoeae?

Why are alcohols like ethanol considered ineffective against viruses?

Which agent is commonly used as an antiseptic for cuts and burns?

How do heavy metals like silver nitrate affect proteins and other organic molecules?

What is the main purpose of using cotton wool plugs in tubes during air filtration?

How does microwave radiation contribute to sterilization?

What is the primary function of a Seitz filter (compressed asbestos) and sintered glass filter (Berkefield) during filtration?

What is the effect of ultraviolet light on microorganisms?

How do Gamma radiation and X-rays primarily contribute to sterilization?

What is the primary function of a syringe filter in the filtration process?

What is the main difference between Infra-Red radiation and Hot Air Sterilization?

Why is autoclaving considered a widely used method for sterilization?

What is the purpose of autoclave control mechanisms like temperature record and indicators?

What is the key difference between a satisfactory run and an unsatisfactory run in autoclaving?

Why is pasteurization typically carried out?

Which method ensures the destruction of non-spore forming organisms like Mycobacteria?

What is the main difference between sterilization and disinfection?

What is the primary purpose of asepsis?

Which method of dry heat sterilization involves total destruction by burning?

What is the temperature range typically used in Hot Air Sterilizers?

Which substance is specifically used on living tissues for inhibiting or destroying microorganisms?

Which of the following agents is NOT effective against viruses?

What heavy metal is widely used as an antiseptic for its ability to precipitate proteins and organic molecules?

Which agent is specifically effective against Neisseria gonorrhoeae?

Which oxidizing agent is commonly used as a sporicidal and effective disinfectant?

Which alkali is known to kill vegetative forms?

'Water is essential for activity' is a characteristic associated with which type of agent?

Which disinfectant is 10 times more effective than formaldehyde and is used as a 2% concentration?

Why are alkylating agents like glutaraldehyde and formaldehyde preferred for disinfection in invasive procedures?

What makes high-level disinfection methods like activated glutaraldehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and formaldehyde the method of choice for critical items?

What characteristic makes glutaraldehyde different from formaldehyde in terms of disinfection effectiveness?

Why is formaldehyde commonly used for preserving tissues and as an embalming fluid?

What makes glutaraldehyde suitable for disinfecting medical instruments like endoscopes that cannot be sterilized by steam?

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