Sterilization and Disinfection Lecture Objectives
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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of the holder method mentioned in the text?

  • To ensure sterility by boiling for 10 minutes
  • To kill Coxiella burnetti at 63-66°C for 30 minutes (correct)
  • To kill vegetative organisms at 100°C for 10 minutes
  • To destroy germinated spores on each of 3 successive days

    • What is the main purpose of Tyndallization as described in the text?

  • Killing germinated spores over a period of 3 successive days (correct)
  • Ensuring sterility by steaming for 90 minutes at 100°C
  • Precautionary measure for filtering heat-labile materials
  • Destroying vegetative organisms and spores in a single day

    • Which physical method is primarily used for sterilization of heat-labile materials?

  • Tyndallization
  • Boiling at 100°C
  • The flash method
  • Filtration through mechanical sieving (correct)

    • What temperature and duration are typically used in the flash method for sterilization?

    <p>72°C for 20 seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of vaccine preparation, what temperature is used and for how long?

    <p>60°C for 1 hour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main means of dry heat sterilization?

    <p>Hot air oven</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the removal of all viable micro-organisms, including bacterial and fungal spores?

    <p>Sterilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for killing bacteria?

    <p>Bactericidal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves total destruction by burning?

    <p>Incineration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a bacteriostatic substance do?

    <p>Inhibits growth of bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance is used on living tissues for inhibiting or destroying microorganisms?

    <p>Antiseptic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using cotton wool plug in tubes during air filtration?

    <p>To allow sterile air to enter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of radiation is used to sterilize plastics, pharmaceutical products, and preserve foods?

    <p>Gamma radiation and X-rays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using Seitz filter (compressed asbestos) and sintered glass filter (Berkefield) during filtration?

    <p>To hold back bacteria, fungi, and extraneous materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of ultraviolet light on nucleic acids?

    <p>Denatures proteins and nucleic acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of radiation absorbs water molecules and releases microwave energy as heat?

    <p>Microwave radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does gamma radiation and X-rays affect proteins and nucleic acids?

    <p>Denatures them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method used in the sterilization of surgical instruments employing Infra-Red radiation?

    <p>Electrically heated element</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the temperature range typically used in Hot Air Sterilizers?

    <p>&gt; 1000°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Autoclaving, what is the temperature required for sterilization at 15 lbs pressure for 15 minutes?

    <p>121°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method ensures the destruction of non-spore forming organisms like Mycobacteria?

    <p>Pasteurization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method can be employed to monitor autoclave sterilization through a dark color change indicator?

    <p>Chemical indicators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of autoclave is designed for placement on a table-top?

    <p>Steam-jacketed autoclave</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which agent denatures proteins by altering the pH of the organism's environment?

    <p>Acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of using ethanol in sterilizing skin and disinfecting clinical thermometers?

    <p>To kill bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which agent is bactericidal specifically for Neisseria gonorrhoeae?

    <p>Heavy metals like silver nitrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are alcohols like ethanol considered ineffective against viruses?

    <p>They require water for activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which agent is commonly used as an antiseptic for cuts and burns?

    <p>Oxidizing agents like household bleach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do heavy metals like silver nitrate affect proteins and other organic molecules?

    <p>By precipitating proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of using cotton wool plugs in tubes during air filtration?

    <p>To provide a sterile environment for operating theatres</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does microwave radiation contribute to sterilization?

    <p>By absoring water molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a Seitz filter (compressed asbestos) and sintered glass filter (Berkefield) during filtration?

    <p>To hold back bacteria, fungi, and extraneous materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of ultraviolet light on microorganisms?

    <p>Denatures proteins and nucleic acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do Gamma radiation and X-rays primarily contribute to sterilization?

    <p>By ionizing radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a syringe filter in the filtration process?

    <p>To hold back bacteria, fungi, and extraneous materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between Infra-Red radiation and Hot Air Sterilization?

    <p>Infra-Red uses lower temperatures compared to Hot Air Sterilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is autoclaving considered a widely used method for sterilization?

    <p>It ensures sterilization at a specific high temperature under pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of autoclave control mechanisms like temperature record and indicators?

    <p>To track and verify the sterilization process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between a satisfactory run and an unsatisfactory run in autoclaving?

    <p>Satisfactory run shows a color change while unsatisfactory run does not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is pasteurization typically carried out?

    <p>To ensure the destruction of spore-forming micro-organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method ensures the destruction of non-spore forming organisms like Mycobacteria?

    <p>Pasteurization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between sterilization and disinfection?

    <p>Sterilization kills all microorganisms including spores, while disinfection only removes or kills disease-causing microorganisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of asepsis?

    <p>To prevent the access of microorganisms to materials.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method of dry heat sterilization involves total destruction by burning?

    <p>Incineration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the temperature range typically used in Hot Air Sterilizers?

    <p>160°C - 180°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance is specifically used on living tissues for inhibiting or destroying microorganisms?

    <p>Antiseptic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following agents is NOT effective against viruses?

    <p>Alcohols</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What heavy metal is widely used as an antiseptic for its ability to precipitate proteins and organic molecules?

    <p>Silver nitrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which agent is specifically effective against Neisseria gonorrhoeae?

    <p>Silver nitrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which oxidizing agent is commonly used as a sporicidal and effective disinfectant?

    <p>Iodine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which alkali is known to kill vegetative forms?

    <p>NaOH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Water is essential for activity' is a characteristic associated with which type of agent?

    <p>Alcohols</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disinfectant is 10 times more effective than formaldehyde and is used as a 2% concentration?

    <p>Glutaraldehyde</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are alkylating agents like glutaraldehyde and formaldehyde preferred for disinfection in invasive procedures?

    <p>They are effective against spores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes high-level disinfection methods like activated glutaraldehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and formaldehyde the method of choice for critical items?

    <p>They are broad-spectrum in activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic makes glutaraldehyde different from formaldehyde in terms of disinfection effectiveness?

    <p>Glutaraldehyde is 10 times more effective and used at a 2% concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is formaldehyde commonly used for preserving tissues and as an embalming fluid?

    <p>It is lethal to bacteria and viruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes glutaraldehyde suitable for disinfecting medical instruments like endoscopes that cannot be sterilized by steam?

    <p>It is broad spectrum in activity including virucidal capabilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

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