Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the definition of prejudice?
What is the definition of prejudice?
- Behaviour directed against people solely because of their membership in a particular group
- Hostile or negative feelings about people based on their membership in a certain group (correct)
- A belief that one's self-esteem is threatened by others
- A belief that associates a whole group of people with a certain trait
How do social learning principles contribute to the formation of attitudes?
How do social learning principles contribute to the formation of attitudes?
- By engaging in particular behaviors toward others
- By celebrating differences in combination with learning about other cultures
- Through classical conditioning and operant conditioning (correct)
- By threatening one's self-esteem
Why does multiculturalism better diminish ethnic discrimination compared to color-blindness?
Why does multiculturalism better diminish ethnic discrimination compared to color-blindness?
- Because it directs behavior against people solely because of their membership in a particular group
- Because it involves celebrating differences in combination with learning about other cultures (correct)
- Because it threatens one's self-esteem
- Because it promotes hostile feelings about people based on their membership in a certain group
What contributes to the strength and accessibility of stereotypes?
What contributes to the strength and accessibility of stereotypes?
How do cognitive biases contribute to stereotypes and prejudice?
How do cognitive biases contribute to stereotypes and prejudice?
What is the role of social categorization in contributing to stereotypes?
What is the role of social categorization in contributing to stereotypes?
What contributes to the formation of attitudes according to social learning principles?
What contributes to the formation of attitudes according to social learning principles?
In collectivistic cultures, what is the attitude towards obese people?
In collectivistic cultures, what is the attitude towards obese people?
What is meta-stereotype?
What is meta-stereotype?
At what age does gender stereotype learning begin?
At what age does gender stereotype learning begin?
What do collectivistic cultures emphasize regarding the role of situations in relation to overweight individuals?
What do collectivistic cultures emphasize regarding the role of situations in relation to overweight individuals?
Which of the following is a negative consequence of stereotypes as mentioned in the text?
Which of the following is a negative consequence of stereotypes as mentioned in the text?
What is stereotype threat?
What is stereotype threat?
How do people in disadvantaged groups experience reduced psychological well-being?
How do people in disadvantaged groups experience reduced psychological well-being?
What is reverse discrimination?
What is reverse discrimination?
How can the effects of prejudice be minimized according to the text?
How can the effects of prejudice be minimized according to the text?
What are the detrimental effects of positive stereotypes as discussed in the text?
What are the detrimental effects of positive stereotypes as discussed in the text?
How can stereotypes be overcome according to the text?
How can stereotypes be overcome according to the text?
Which of the following is a consequence of stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination?
Which of the following is a consequence of stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination?
What leads to the underestimation of the variability of out-group members compared to in-group members?
What leads to the underestimation of the variability of out-group members compared to in-group members?
Which cognitive bias involves overestimating the association between variables that are only slightly or not at all correlated?
Which cognitive bias involves overestimating the association between variables that are only slightly or not at all correlated?
What personality variable refers to the extent to which one wants their in-group to dominate and be superior to out-groups?
What personality variable refers to the extent to which one wants their in-group to dominate and be superior to out-groups?
What model explains that people within a group are more often compared to others within that group rather than to people in other groups?
What model explains that people within a group are more often compared to others within that group rather than to people in other groups?
Which measure of stereotypes involves a fake lie-detector test?
Which measure of stereotypes involves a fake lie-detector test?
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Study Notes
Negative Consequences of Stereotyping and Ways to Overcome Them
- Stereotypes lead to negative consequences such as behavioral confirmation, stereotype threat, reduced psychological well-being, and reverse discrimination
- Behavioral confirmation/self-fulfilling prophecy occurs when individuals seek, interpret, and create information that verifies their own beliefs
- Stereotype threat leads to fear that behavior may confirm an existing cultural stereotype and disrupts performance
- Reduced psychological well-being is experienced by people in disadvantaged groups due to perceived prejudice and discrimination
- Strategies for minimizing the effects of prejudice include disengaging from negative feedback, comparing outcomes to in-group members, and increasing in-group identification
- Reverse discrimination occurs when preferential treatment is shown to those in stereotyped groups
- Positive stereotypes can have detrimental effects, leading to hostile sexism, benevolent sexism, and aversive prejudice
- Stereotyping is inevitable due to the automatic activation, difficulty of suppression, and persistence of subtle forms of discrimination
- Stereotypes are activated automatically and are hard to suppress, leading to the ignoring of disconfirming evidence
- Subtle discrimination persists despite less prevalent explicit stereotypes
- Social and cognitive interventions can help overcome stereotypes through training and education, perspective-taking, and motivation to avoid stereotyping
- Culture influences prejudice and stereotypes, varying in degree and content, as seen in the racial democracy theory in the U.S.
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