Stereotypes and Social Perception Quiz

A black woman is categorized by her gender in an all-male context and by her race in a predominantly white context.

People higher in prejudice pay more attention to race than other categories and often use stereotypes to reduce ambiguity.

The UAE is a cognitive bias where people attribute negative behavior of their ingroup to situational factors, while attributing negative behavior of outgroups to their character.

<p>Social roles lead to the development of stereotypic beliefs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ingroup overexclusion refers to the tendency to narrowly define ingroups to avoid extending privileges to those perceived as outgroup members.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Correspondence bias leads us to misjudge a person's actions as reflective of their personality, giving little weight to situational factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The media often portrays members of powerful groups more than less powerful groups, leading to stereotypical beliefs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Illusory correlation is the overestimation of the relationship between two categories based on distinctive information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Challenges include that stereotypes abstract attributes not based on verifiable demographics and can justify discrimination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The outgroup homogeneity effect is when people perceive members of their own group as very different but see outgroup members as more alike.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stereotype activation occurs when a stereotype becomes active in one's mind, while stereotype application refers to using that activated stereotype in judgments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stereotypes originate from established social roles and the behaviors that are associated with those roles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Categorization involves placing individuals into groups, which is necessary for a stereotype to be activated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Correspondence bias is the tendency to attribute someone's behavior to their personality rather than considering situational factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Automatic activation of a stereotype occurs without effort or conscious thought, often triggered by subliminal cues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stereotype activation is triggered by observing stimuli associated with specific stereotyped groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intergroup bias contributes to positive social identity by demonstrating that the ingroup is viewed as better than the outgroup.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The three factors are self-categorization, optimal distinctiveness, and threat to the group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The issue is that while people may prefer their ingroup, it does not necessarily imply they will reject the outgroup.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>RDT explains that individuals compare their current situation to past situations and others in similar contexts; if they feel deprived, they perceive it as unfair.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Distributive justice is the perception that outcomes are distributed fairly, while procedural justice concerns the fairness of the processes used to distribute those outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When distributive justice is perceived as low, individuals view the situation as unfair, leading to dissatisfaction and resentment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The two forms are individual relative deprivation and group relative deprivation; group relative deprivation is more likely to lead to prejudice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>People with low self-esteem engage in intergroup bias as a means to boost their self-esteem.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Resource scarcity can lead groups to compete for limited resources, especially following events like natural disasters or economic crises.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Individuals high in SDO view the world as inherently competitive, perceiving resources as zero-sum, which can trigger intergroup rivalries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High RWA individuals may see outgroups as threats to societal culture and values, fostering a competitive stance against those groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Competition can solidify the belief that resources are zero-sum, leading to increased feelings of threat from competing groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dominant groups often respond with discrimination and exploitation of subordinate groups, reinforcing their privileged position.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>If oppression is seen as stable, subordinate groups may justify the status quo, while if unstable, they may push for greater equality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Movements like the U.S. civil rights movement in the 1960s and the LGBTQ rights movement are examples of challenges to perceived oppression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>System justification theory suggests that disadvantaged groups may internalize and justify their oppression when it is perceived as stable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The three perceived threats are intergroup anxiety, perceptions of realistic threats, and perception of symbolic threats.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'Blatant discrimination' is unequal and harmful treatment that is typically intentional and visible.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Covert discrimination is hidden and purposeful, often maliciously motivated, unlike blatant discrimination which is visible and overt.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A microaggression is a small-scale, everyday behavior that demeans members of social groups, either verbally or nonverbally.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'Denial of Belongingness' conveys the unspoken message that members of certain groups do not belong in particular spaces or situations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'Internal motivation to control prejudice' refers to the personal belief that prejudice is wrong and can lead individuals to restrain prejudiced behaviors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'Subtle discrimination' involves less visible and obvious unequal treatment, often regarded as normal; an example is casual racist jokes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Assumptions of inferiority imply that members of certain groups are regarded as intellectually or socially inferior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The belief that women are less likely to succeed in leadership roles and the higher probability of receiving negative evaluations when in such positions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heterosexism is a belief system that views heterosexuality as the normal and superior sexual orientation, imposing expectations to conform to heterosexual norms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There has been a clear shift towards greater acceptance of gay men and lesbians in public opinion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are often seen as having a transitory orientation rather than a distinct one, and as being confused or in denial of their true sexual orientation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fear of social rejection and concern about potential loss of employment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Concealing one's sexual identity can be cognitively taxing, causing stress similar to that experienced in inter-racial interactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They violate traditional expectations of how leaders should behave and how women are expected to act.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Societal perceptions have shifted towards greater acceptance of same-sex marriage, reflecting changing attitudes about LGBTQ+ rights.</p> Signup and view all the answers