Step 2 CK Medical Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is the immediate therapy for panic disorder?

SSRIs

Benzodiazepines (correct)

Cognitive behavioral therapy

Beta-blockers

What is the organism and treatment for malignant (necrotizing) otitis externa?

Pseudomonas, treat with IV ciprofloxacin

What are small vascular bright red papular lesions in an adult called?

Cherry angioma

What are the results of a quad screen in Trisomy 18?

MSAFP low, Beta HCG low, Estriol low, Inhibin A normal Signup and view all the answers

What are the results of a quad screen in Trisomy 21?

MSAFP low, BHCG high, Estriol low, Inhibin A high Signup and view all the answers

What is the diagnosis for sudden severe chest pain radiating to the back?

Aortic dissection Signup and view all the answers

What nephropathy is associated with Hepatitis B?

Membranous nephropathy Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition characterized by congenital marrow failure and macrocytic anemia?

Fanconi anemia Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for acute dystonia and parkinsonism associated with antipsychotic use?

Benztropine Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for primary biliary cholangitis?

Ursodeoxycholic acid Signup and view all the answers

What class of drugs is used for treating Alzheimer's Disease?

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors Signup and view all the answers

What is the first line treatment for BPH?

Alpha-1 agonists (tamsulosin, terazosin) Signup and view all the answers

What metabolic disorder is indicated by a newborn with FTT, bilateral cataracts, jaundice, and hypoglycemia?

Galactosemia Signup and view all the answers

The odds ratio approximates relative risk when the incidence of the disease is very high.

False Signup and view all the answers

What type of renal stones are radiolucent?

Uric acid stones Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by cafe au lait spots and feeding problems?

Neurofibromatosis 1 Signup and view all the answers

What condition is characterized by bilateral acoustic neuromas and cataracts?

Neurofibromatosis 2 Signup and view all the answers

What syndrome is identified by the symptoms of loss of pain/temperature sensation over the ipsilateral face and contralateral body?

Wallenberg syndrome/Lateral medullary infarct Signup and view all the answers

What test should be done before initiating trastuzumab?

Echocardiogram Signup and view all the answers

In what patients cannot anticoagulants like enoxaparin and rivaroxaban be used?

Patients with renal insufficiency Signup and view all the answers

What condition is characterized by diffuse telangiectasias and recurrent epistaxis?

Hereditary telangiectasia (Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome) Signup and view all the answers

Define pulsus paradoxus.

An exaggerated fall in systemic blood pressure >10 mm Hg during inspiration Signup and view all the answers

What EKG findings are characteristic of WPW syndrome?

Narrow complex tachycardia, short PR interval, and delta wave Signup and view all the answers

What are the typical symptoms of an anterior cerebral artery stroke?

Contralateral motor or sensory deficits more pronounced in the lower limb than the upper limb Signup and view all the answers

Describe the pathogenesis of refeeding syndrome.

CHO intake leads to insulin surge, causing cellular uptake of phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium. Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition characterized by weakness more pronounced in the upper extremities after trauma/hyperextension neck injury?

Central cord syndrome Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Panic Disorder

Immediate treatment involves benzodiazepines, can be combined with SSRIs during onset period.

Malignant Otitis Externa

Caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, treated with IV ciprofloxacin.
Particularly affects elderly patients with diabetes or immunosuppression.

Cherry Angioma

Characterized by small, bright red papular lesions in adults.

Quad Screen in Trisomy 18

MSAFP: low
Beta HCG: low
Estriol: low
Inhibin A: normal

Quad Screen in Trisomy 21

MSAFP: low
Beta HCG: high
Estriol: low
Inhibin A: high

Aortic Dissection

Presents with sudden, severe chest pain radiating to the back and decrescendo diastolic murmur.
Diagnosed via transesophageal echocardiogram or CT angiography based on stability.

Nephropathy in Hepatitis B

Membranous nephropathy is the associated condition.

Fanconi Anemia

An autosomal recessive disorder characterized by congenital marrow failure, poor growth, morphological abnormalities, and macrocytic anemia.

Acute Dystonia Treatment

Benztropine is recommended for antipsychotic-induced extrapyramidal effects.

Primary Biliary Cholangitis

An autoimmune disease indicated by elevated alkaline phosphatase and a positive antimitochondrial antibody assay.
Treated with ursodeoxycholic acid.

Alzheimer's Disease Management

Treatment includes acetylcholinesterase inhibitors: Donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine.

Neonatal Conjunctivitis

Types include Chemical conjunctivitis, which occurs around 6.5 hours after birth; treated with calcium gluconate, sodium bicarbonate, glucose, and insulin.

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) Treatment

First-line treatment comprises alpha-1 agonists such as tamsulosin and terazosin.
5-alpha reductase inhibitors can be added if symptoms persist.

Galactosemia

A metabolic disorder in newborns characterized by failure to thrive (FTT), bilateral cataracts, jaundice, and hypoglycemia.
Caused by deficiency of galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase.

Odds Ratio vs Relative Risk

Odds ratio approximates relative risk when the disease incidence is very low.

Renal Stones

Uric acid stones are radiolucent and do not appear on standard X-rays.

Neurofibromatosis Type 1

Features include cafe au lait spots, macrocephaly, feeding issues, short stature, and learning disabilities, with possible fibromas/neurofibromas in later stages.

Neurofibromatosis Type 2

Associated with bilateral acoustic neuromas and cataracts.

Wallenberg Syndrome

Characterized by loss of pain and temperature sensation over the ipsilateral face and contralateral body, dysarthria, dysphagia, vertigo, nystagmus, and Horner’s syndrome.
Results from occlusion of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery or vertebral artery.

Trastuzumab Initiation

An echocardiogram is performed to assess cardiotoxicity before starting treatment.

Renal Insufficiency & Anticoagulants

Enoxaparin, fondaparinux, and rivaroxaban are contraindicated in patients with renal insufficiency.

Hereditary Telangiectasia

Also known as Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome, characterized by diffuse telangiectasias, recurrent epistaxis, AVMs, and oral lesions, leading to high hematocrit due to right-to-left shunting.

Pulsus Paradoxus

Defined as a drop in systemic blood pressure greater than 10 mm Hg during inspiration, commonly seen in cardiac tamponade or severe asthma/COPD.

WPW Syndrome

Identified by narrow complex tachycardia, short PR interval, and characteristic delta wave on EKG.

Anterior Cerebral Artery Stroke

Results in contralateral motor or sensory deficits, more pronounced in lower limbs and may present with urinary incontinence.

Refeeding Syndrome Pathogenesis

Involves CHO intake leading to insulin surge, resulting in cellular uptake of phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium, which can cause arrhythmias and cardiopulmonary failure.

Central Cord Syndrome

Occurs after trauma or hyperextension neck injuries, with upper extremity weakness more pronounced than lower extremities and localized sensory deficits.

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Description

Test your knowledge with these flashcards designed for the Step 2 CK exam. Covering topics like panic disorder treatment and otitis externa, these cards provide quick reference definitions and essential medical facts. Perfect for medical students looking to reinforce their understanding.