Questions and Answers
What is the immediate therapy for panic disorder?
What is the organism and treatment for malignant (necrotizing) otitis externa?
Pseudomonas, treat with IV ciprofloxacin
What are small vascular bright red papular lesions in an adult called?
Cherry angioma
What are the results of a quad screen in Trisomy 18?
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What are the results of a quad screen in Trisomy 21?
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What is the diagnosis for sudden severe chest pain radiating to the back?
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What nephropathy is associated with Hepatitis B?
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What is the condition characterized by congenital marrow failure and macrocytic anemia?
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What is the treatment for acute dystonia and parkinsonism associated with antipsychotic use?
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What is the treatment for primary biliary cholangitis?
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What class of drugs is used for treating Alzheimer's Disease?
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What is the first line treatment for BPH?
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What metabolic disorder is indicated by a newborn with FTT, bilateral cataracts, jaundice, and hypoglycemia?
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The odds ratio approximates relative risk when the incidence of the disease is very high.
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What type of renal stones are radiolucent?
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Which condition is characterized by cafe au lait spots and feeding problems?
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What condition is characterized by bilateral acoustic neuromas and cataracts?
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What syndrome is identified by the symptoms of loss of pain/temperature sensation over the ipsilateral face and contralateral body?
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What test should be done before initiating trastuzumab?
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In what patients cannot anticoagulants like enoxaparin and rivaroxaban be used?
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What condition is characterized by diffuse telangiectasias and recurrent epistaxis?
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Define pulsus paradoxus.
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What EKG findings are characteristic of WPW syndrome?
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What are the typical symptoms of an anterior cerebral artery stroke?
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Describe the pathogenesis of refeeding syndrome.
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What is the condition characterized by weakness more pronounced in the upper extremities after trauma/hyperextension neck injury?
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Study Notes
Panic Disorder
- Immediate treatment involves benzodiazepines, can be combined with SSRIs during onset period.
Malignant Otitis Externa
- Caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, treated with IV ciprofloxacin.
- Particularly affects elderly patients with diabetes or immunosuppression.
Cherry Angioma
- Characterized by small, bright red papular lesions in adults.
Quad Screen in Trisomy 18
- MSAFP: low
- Beta HCG: low
- Estriol: low
- Inhibin A: normal
Quad Screen in Trisomy 21
- MSAFP: low
- Beta HCG: high
- Estriol: low
- Inhibin A: high
Aortic Dissection
- Presents with sudden, severe chest pain radiating to the back and decrescendo diastolic murmur.
- Diagnosed via transesophageal echocardiogram or CT angiography based on stability.
Nephropathy in Hepatitis B
- Membranous nephropathy is the associated condition.
Fanconi Anemia
- An autosomal recessive disorder characterized by congenital marrow failure, poor growth, morphological abnormalities, and macrocytic anemia.
Acute Dystonia Treatment
- Benztropine is recommended for antipsychotic-induced extrapyramidal effects.
Primary Biliary Cholangitis
- An autoimmune disease indicated by elevated alkaline phosphatase and a positive antimitochondrial antibody assay.
- Treated with ursodeoxycholic acid.
Alzheimer's Disease Management
- Treatment includes acetylcholinesterase inhibitors: Donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine.
Neonatal Conjunctivitis
- Types include Chemical conjunctivitis, which occurs around 6.5 hours after birth; treated with calcium gluconate, sodium bicarbonate, glucose, and insulin.
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) Treatment
- First-line treatment comprises alpha-1 agonists such as tamsulosin and terazosin.
- 5-alpha reductase inhibitors can be added if symptoms persist.
Galactosemia
- A metabolic disorder in newborns characterized by failure to thrive (FTT), bilateral cataracts, jaundice, and hypoglycemia.
- Caused by deficiency of galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase.
Odds Ratio vs Relative Risk
- Odds ratio approximates relative risk when the disease incidence is very low.
Renal Stones
- Uric acid stones are radiolucent and do not appear on standard X-rays.
Neurofibromatosis Type 1
- Features include cafe au lait spots, macrocephaly, feeding issues, short stature, and learning disabilities, with possible fibromas/neurofibromas in later stages.
Neurofibromatosis Type 2
- Associated with bilateral acoustic neuromas and cataracts.
Wallenberg Syndrome
- Characterized by loss of pain and temperature sensation over the ipsilateral face and contralateral body, dysarthria, dysphagia, vertigo, nystagmus, and Horner’s syndrome.
- Results from occlusion of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery or vertebral artery.
Trastuzumab Initiation
- An echocardiogram is performed to assess cardiotoxicity before starting treatment.
Renal Insufficiency & Anticoagulants
- Enoxaparin, fondaparinux, and rivaroxaban are contraindicated in patients with renal insufficiency.
Hereditary Telangiectasia
- Also known as Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome, characterized by diffuse telangiectasias, recurrent epistaxis, AVMs, and oral lesions, leading to high hematocrit due to right-to-left shunting.
Pulsus Paradoxus
- Defined as a drop in systemic blood pressure greater than 10 mm Hg during inspiration, commonly seen in cardiac tamponade or severe asthma/COPD.
WPW Syndrome
- Identified by narrow complex tachycardia, short PR interval, and characteristic delta wave on EKG.
Anterior Cerebral Artery Stroke
- Results in contralateral motor or sensory deficits, more pronounced in lower limbs and may present with urinary incontinence.
Refeeding Syndrome Pathogenesis
- Involves CHO intake leading to insulin surge, resulting in cellular uptake of phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium, which can cause arrhythmias and cardiopulmonary failure.
Central Cord Syndrome
- Occurs after trauma or hyperextension neck injuries, with upper extremity weakness more pronounced than lower extremities and localized sensory deficits.
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Test your knowledge with these flashcards designed for the Step 2 CK exam. Covering topics like panic disorder treatment and otitis externa, these cards provide quick reference definitions and essential medical facts. Perfect for medical students looking to reinforce their understanding.
