Steam Turbines Operation Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of a steam turbine?

Convert electrical energy into mechanical energy

Convert mechanical energy into electrical energy

Convert thermal energy of steam into mechanical energy (correct)

Convert mechanical energy into thermal energy

What is the first step in the operation of a steam turbine?

Rotation of turbine blades

Expansion of steam

Power generation

Steam generation (correct)

How does the expansion of steam contribute to the operation of a steam turbine?

Reduces the pressure on the turbine blades

Stops the rotation of turbine blades

Accelerates the speed of steam flow

Causes the turbine blades to rotate (correct)

What is the final product after the mechanical energy generated by the turbine?

Electrical energy Signup and view all the answers

Which part of a steam turbine is responsible for converting the rotational energy to electrical energy?

Turbine shaft Signup and view all the answers

In the operation of a steam turbine, what drives the rotation of the turbine rotor?

High-pressure steam flow Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the pressure in the nozzle as steam passes through it?

Drops Signup and view all the answers

Which type of turbine has relatively low efficiency despite a lower initial cost?

Impulse Turbine Signup and view all the answers

What is the key advantage of a velocity compounded impulse turbine with few stages?

Small heat drop Signup and view all the answers

Which type of turbine requires a large number of stages but is the most efficient?

Pressure Compounding Turbine Signup and view all the answers

In a pressure compounding turbine, what happens to the steam pressure as it passes through each stage?

Decreases Signup and view all the answers

What material is typically used for cylinders in a single row wheel due to high steam temperature?

Cast Steel Signup and view all the answers

What is the main disadvantage of velocity compounding impulse turbines with a single row wheel?

High material cost Signup and view all the answers

Which turbine method combines both pressure and velocity compounding techniques?

Pressure-Velocity Compounding Turbine Signup and view all the answers

In pressure velocity compounding, what remains constant during each stage?

Steam pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the fixed blades in a reaction turbine stage?

Redirect the steam flow without altering its velocity Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of governing a steam turbine?

To control and regulate speed and power output Signup and view all the answers

What are some common types of losses in steam turbines?

Exhaust Losses Signup and view all the answers

Which type of losses occur due to friction between moving parts like rotor blades and stationary parts like the casing in a steam turbine?

Frictional Losses Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of insulation in steam turbines?

To reduce heat losses Signup and view all the answers

Which governing system for steam turbines focuses on controlling the power output or load of the turbine?

Load Governing Signup and view all the answers

In throttle governing of steam turbines, what is the primary purpose of throttling the steam?

To maintain speed when there is a reduction of load Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main governing devices used in steam turbines for precise regulation?

Speed Sensors Signup and view all the answers

What does governing of a steam turbine involve?

"Throttling" the steam as needed Signup and view all the answers

How do engineers and researchers aim to improve turbine efficiency?

By reducing heat losses Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between nozzle control governing and throttle governing in a steam turbine?

In nozzle control, the supply of steam to nozzle groups is varied based on load changes, while in throttle governing the valve simply opens or closes. Signup and view all the answers

What happens in a steam turbine governed by bypass regulation when additional steam is required above the economic load?

A secondary valve opens, allowing steam to bypass to lower stages in the turbine. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Willan's line in the context of a steam turbine governed by throttling?

To demonstrate how steam consumption changes with load in throttling-governed turbines. Signup and view all the answers

In nozzle control governing, why is it important that the valves remain fully open under full load conditions?

To ensure that all nozzles are operational for maximum efficiency. Signup and view all the answers

What effect does by-pass regulation have on the work output in lower stages of a steam turbine?

It increases work output by diverting steam from higher stages. Signup and view all the answers

Why can nozzle control governing only be applied to the first stage of a turbine?

Because subsequent stages do not have individual nozzle groups. Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental concept behind steam turbines?

Converting heat energy into mechanical energy Signup and view all the answers

In which type of turbine does a gradual pressure drop continuously occur over the fixed and moving blades?

Reaction turbine Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the fixed blades in a reaction turbine?

Alter the direction of the steam Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for the loss of energy known as 'leaving loss' in a simple impulse turbine?

High exit velocity Signup and view all the answers

How does a simple impulse turbine differ from a reaction turbine?

Simple impulse turbines expand steam in nozzles only Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the famous turbine mentioned as an example of a simple impulse turbine?

'De laval turbine' Signup and view all the answers

Which method is used to reduce the tremendous rotor speed in steam turbines?

'Compounding' Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main components involved in compounding methods for reducing rotor speed?

'Multiple rotors in series' Signup and view all the answers

Why does the diameter of a reaction turbine increase after each group of blade rings?

To accommodate higher volume of steam at lower pressures Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Steam Turbines

The main function of a steam turbine is to convert the thermal energy of steam into mechanical energy.

Operation of a Steam Turbine

The first step in the operation of a steam turbine is the expansion of steam, which contributes to the operation of the turbine by increasing the velocity of the steam.
The expansion of steam drives the rotation of the turbine rotor.
The final product after the mechanical energy generated by the turbine is converted into electrical energy by the generator.

Turbine Components and Functions

The part of a steam turbine responsible for converting the rotational energy to electrical energy is the generator.
The fixed blades in a reaction turbine stage redirect the steam flow, increasing the energy transfer to the rotor.
The primary objective of governing a steam turbine is to control the power output or load of the turbine.

Turbine Types and Characteristics

A velocity compounded impulse turbine with few stages has the key advantage of low initial cost.
A pressure compounded turbine requires a large number of stages and is the most efficient.
A pressure velocity compounding turbine combines both pressure and velocity compounding techniques.
In a pressure compounding turbine, the steam pressure decreases as it passes through each stage, while in a pressure velocity compounding turbine, the velocity of the steam increases.

Governing Systems and Losses

The primary objective of governing a steam turbine is to control the power output or load of the turbine.
Common types of losses in steam turbines include friction losses, leakage losses, and windage losses.
Friction losses occur due to friction between moving parts like rotor blades and stationary parts like the casing.
Insulation in steam turbines reduces heat losses and increases efficiency.
Throttle governing focuses on controlling the power output or load of the turbine by throttling the steam.
One of the main governing devices used in steam turbines for precise regulation is the valve.

Improving Turbine Efficiency

Engineers and researchers aim to improve turbine efficiency by reducing losses and optimizing governing systems.
The main difference between nozzle control governing and throttle governing in a steam turbine is the way the steam flow is controlled.

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Description

Test your knowledge of steam turbines and their operation. Learn about how steam turbines convert thermal energy into mechanical energy to drive electrical generators.