Steam Turbine Operation Principles

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What is the main function of a steam turbine?

Convert mechanical energy into thermal energy

Convert the thermal energy of steam into mechanical energy (correct)

Convert mechanical energy into electrical energy

Convert electrical energy into mechanical energy

During the operation of a steam turbine, what drives the turbine rotor?

The expansion of steam (correct)

The contraction of steam

The cooling of steam

The condensation of steam

What is the initial step in the operation of a steam turbine?

Steam Generation (correct)

Generation of Mechanical Energy

Expansion of Steam

Rotation of Turbine Blades

How is mechanical energy generated in a steam turbine?

Through the expansion of steam and rotation of turbine blades Signup and view all the answers

What is the final outcome of the mechanical energy generated in a steam turbine?

Conversion into electrical energy through electromagnetic induction Signup and view all the answers

Which part of a steam turbine is directly responsible for converting thermal energy into mechanical energy?

Turbine blades Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental concept behind steam turbines?

Converting heat energy into mechanical energy Signup and view all the answers

What is the principal example of a simple impulse turbine mentioned in the text?

De laval turbine Signup and view all the answers

Why does the text highlight the 'exit velocity' or 'leaving velocity' in a simple impulse turbine?

To emphasize energy loss Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the fixed blades in a reaction turbine?

Direct steam flow Signup and view all the answers

How does a reaction turbine differ from an impulse turbine?

Pressure drop occurs gradually in a reaction turbine. Signup and view all the answers

Why are multiple systems of rotor in series used in reducing rotor speed?

To absorb steam pressure more efficiently. Signup and view all the answers

'Compounding' in steam turbines involves which of the following methods?

'Pressure compounding'. Signup and view all the answers

'Compounding' is used to reduce what aspect of steam turbines?

'Rotor speed'. Signup and view all the answers

'Leaving loss' in turbines refers to which of the following?

'Energy loss due to high exit velocity'. Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific role of moving blades in a reaction turbine?

To absorb kinetic energy from steam. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of turbine involves the use of a stationary nozzle and moving blades to redirect steam flow and increase kinetic energy?

Velocity compounding turbine Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of pressure velocity compounding as described in the text?

Constant pressure during each stage Signup and view all the answers

In a velocity compounded impulse turbine, why is a two or three-row wheel preferred over a single-row wheel?

Greater material cost Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of a turbine is expressed as a percentage and calculated by dividing actual output by theoretical maximum output?

Efficiency Signup and view all the answers

Which type of turbine is known for high steam consumption and low efficiency?

Impulse turbine Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining feature of pressure compounding turbines such as the Rateau and Zoelly turbines?

Incorporated rings of fixed nozzles Signup and view all the answers

What is the main drawback of a single-row wheel in a velocity compounded impulse turbine?

High steam temperature Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes impulse turbines from reaction turbines in terms of energy conversion principle?

'Pressure falls and velocity increases' concept Signup and view all the answers

Which turbine type offers the advantage of maintaining constant pressure during each stage for optimal operation?

'Combination of velocity and pressure compounding' method Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributes to the increased cost associated with pressure compounding turbines like the Rateau and Zoelly turbines?

Incorporated rings of fixed nozzles Signup and view all the answers

Which type of governing method is more efficient than throttle governing at low loads?

Nozzle control governing Signup and view all the answers

What relationship between steam consumption and load is described by Willan's line for a turbine governed by throttling?

It is straight Signup and view all the answers

In nozzle control governing, how is the supply of steam to each group of nozzles controlled?

By regulating valves Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the pressure compounded impulse turbines when some of the first stage nozzles are cut out?

There will be a drop in pressure at the entry to the second stage Signup and view all the answers

What effect does by-pass regulation have on a turbine when it operates at loads greater than economic load?

Allows additional steam to pass through a lower stage Signup and view all the answers

Why is by-pass governing desirable for steam turbines designed to work at economic load?

To have full admission of steam in high-pressure stages Signup and view all the answers

What role do seals play in steam turbines?

Minimize leakage losses Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of throttle governing in steam turbines?

To regulate speed based on load changes Signup and view all the answers

Which type of governing focuses on controlling the power output of a steam turbine?

Load governing Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of exhaust losses in steam turbines?

Result in loss of energy conversion Signup and view all the answers

Which loss type occurs due to friction between moving and stationary parts in steam turbines?

Leakage losses Signup and view all the answers

In steam turbines, what are curtailment losses associated with?

Partial load operation Signup and view all the answers

Which governing system monitors and adjusts the turbine's speed by controlling steam flow?

Load Governing Signup and view all the answers

What is the key function of governor valves in steam turbine governing systems?

Control steam flow Signup and view all the answers

How do modern steam turbines improve responsiveness in governing systems?

By using electronic control systems Signup and view all the answers

What is the main objective of governing in steam turbines?

To maintain stable turbine speed irrespective of load changes Signup and view all the answers