Steam Turbine Operation Principles
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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of a steam turbine?

  • Convert mechanical energy into thermal energy
  • Convert the thermal energy of steam into mechanical energy (correct)
  • Convert mechanical energy into electrical energy
  • Convert electrical energy into mechanical energy

    • During the operation of a steam turbine, what drives the turbine rotor?

  • The expansion of steam (correct)
  • The contraction of steam
  • The cooling of steam
  • The condensation of steam

    • What is the initial step in the operation of a steam turbine?

  • Steam Generation (correct)
  • Generation of Mechanical Energy
  • Expansion of Steam
  • Rotation of Turbine Blades

    • How is mechanical energy generated in a steam turbine?

    <p>Through the expansion of steam and rotation of turbine blades</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final outcome of the mechanical energy generated in a steam turbine?

    <p>Conversion into electrical energy through electromagnetic induction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of a steam turbine is directly responsible for converting thermal energy into mechanical energy?

    <p>Turbine blades</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fundamental concept behind steam turbines?

    <p>Converting heat energy into mechanical energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principal example of a simple impulse turbine mentioned in the text?

    <p>De laval turbine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the text highlight the 'exit velocity' or 'leaving velocity' in a simple impulse turbine?

    <p>To emphasize energy loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the fixed blades in a reaction turbine?

    <p>Direct steam flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a reaction turbine differ from an impulse turbine?

    <p>Pressure drop occurs gradually in a reaction turbine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are multiple systems of rotor in series used in reducing rotor speed?

    <p>To absorb steam pressure more efficiently.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Compounding' in steam turbines involves which of the following methods?

    <p>'Pressure compounding'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Compounding' is used to reduce what aspect of steam turbines?

    <p>'Rotor speed'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Leaving loss' in turbines refers to which of the following?

    <p>'Energy loss due to high exit velocity'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the specific role of moving blades in a reaction turbine?

    <p>To absorb kinetic energy from steam.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of turbine involves the use of a stationary nozzle and moving blades to redirect steam flow and increase kinetic energy?

    <p>Velocity compounding turbine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of pressure velocity compounding as described in the text?

    <p>Constant pressure during each stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a velocity compounded impulse turbine, why is a two or three-row wheel preferred over a single-row wheel?

    <p>Greater material cost</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of a turbine is expressed as a percentage and calculated by dividing actual output by theoretical maximum output?

    <p>Efficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of turbine is known for high steam consumption and low efficiency?

    <p>Impulse turbine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the defining feature of pressure compounding turbines such as the Rateau and Zoelly turbines?

    <p>Incorporated rings of fixed nozzles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main drawback of a single-row wheel in a velocity compounded impulse turbine?

    <p>High steam temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes impulse turbines from reaction turbines in terms of energy conversion principle?

    <p>'Pressure falls and velocity increases' concept</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which turbine type offers the advantage of maintaining constant pressure during each stage for optimal operation?

    <p>'Combination of velocity and pressure compounding' method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes to the increased cost associated with pressure compounding turbines like the Rateau and Zoelly turbines?

    <p>Incorporated rings of fixed nozzles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of governing method is more efficient than throttle governing at low loads?

    <p>Nozzle control governing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What relationship between steam consumption and load is described by Willan's line for a turbine governed by throttling?

    <p>It is straight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In nozzle control governing, how is the supply of steam to each group of nozzles controlled?

    <p>By regulating valves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the pressure compounded impulse turbines when some of the first stage nozzles are cut out?

    <p>There will be a drop in pressure at the entry to the second stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does by-pass regulation have on a turbine when it operates at loads greater than economic load?

    <p>Allows additional steam to pass through a lower stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is by-pass governing desirable for steam turbines designed to work at economic load?

    <p>To have full admission of steam in high-pressure stages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do seals play in steam turbines?

    <p>Minimize leakage losses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of throttle governing in steam turbines?

    <p>To regulate speed based on load changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of governing focuses on controlling the power output of a steam turbine?

    <p>Load governing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of exhaust losses in steam turbines?

    <p>Result in loss of energy conversion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which loss type occurs due to friction between moving and stationary parts in steam turbines?

    <p>Leakage losses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In steam turbines, what are curtailment losses associated with?

    <p>Partial load operation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which governing system monitors and adjusts the turbine's speed by controlling steam flow?

    <p>Load Governing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key function of governor valves in steam turbine governing systems?

    <p>Control steam flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do modern steam turbines improve responsiveness in governing systems?

    <p>By using electronic control systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main objective of governing in steam turbines?

    <p>To maintain stable turbine speed irrespective of load changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

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