Podcast
Questions and Answers
If the boiler is generating 20,000 lb/hr of steam, it must be supplied with ________ lb/hr of feedwater
If the boiler is generating 20,000 lb/hr of steam, it must be supplied with ________ lb/hr of feedwater
20,000
From the deaerator, oxygen and other noncondensable gases are separated from the feedwater and directed to the atmosphere _________
From the deaerator, oxygen and other noncondensable gases are separated from the feedwater and directed to the atmosphere _________
through the vent
A(n) ___________ system is a system of measuring instruments and controllers that work together to control a process.
A(n) ___________ system is a system of measuring instruments and controllers that work together to control a process.
control
One pound of water is needed to produce ________ of steam.
One pound of water is needed to produce ________ of steam.
In a low-pressure gas system, the ________ valve is an electric valve that cannot be opened until the gas pilot is lit.
In a low-pressure gas system, the ________ valve is an electric valve that cannot be opened until the gas pilot is lit.
______ are used for loads that require dry steam, such as turbines.
______ are used for loads that require dry steam, such as turbines.
In a feedwater system, the ________ valve is located close to the shell of the boiler on the feedwater line so that the check valve can be repaired without draining the boiler.
In a feedwater system, the ________ valve is located close to the shell of the boiler on the feedwater line so that the check valve can be repaired without draining the boiler.
A steaming boiler can have the water in the gauge glass go from half full to empty in a matter of ________ if water is not added to the boiler.
A steaming boiler can have the water in the gauge glass go from half full to empty in a matter of ________ if water is not added to the boiler.
In a fuel oil system, the purpose of duplex strainers is to ________.
In a fuel oil system, the purpose of duplex strainers is to ________.
Superheated steam has more _______ than saturated steam at the same pressure.
Superheated steam has more _______ than saturated steam at the same pressure.
The deaerator is located ________.
The deaerator is located ________.
A gas pilot line on a high-pressure gas system supplies gas through a _________ valve to the pilot gas pressure regulator.
A gas pilot line on a high-pressure gas system supplies gas through a _________ valve to the pilot gas pressure regulator.
The purpose of any fuel oil system is to supply fuel oil to the burner at the proper __________.
The purpose of any fuel oil system is to supply fuel oil to the burner at the proper __________.
Number ________ fuel oil needs to be heated before it is pumped so that it can flow.
Number ________ fuel oil needs to be heated before it is pumped so that it can flow.
Pulverizing coal allows__________.
Pulverizing coal allows__________.
Draft is ____________ caused by a difference in pressure between two points.
Draft is ____________ caused by a difference in pressure between two points.
Natural draft is the result of temperature differences between __________.
Natural draft is the result of temperature differences between __________.
In a high-pressure gas system, the air mixes with the gas in the ________.
In a high-pressure gas system, the air mixes with the gas in the ________.
A measuring instrument can use a___________to send a signal to a controller.
A measuring instrument can use a___________to send a signal to a controller.
Pulverized coal is ground into a fine powder and blown into the combustion chamber where it is burned in ___________.
Pulverized coal is ground into a fine powder and blown into the combustion chamber where it is burned in ___________.
A control system uses a__________to execute a control strategy.
A control system uses a__________to execute a control strategy.
Water weighs approximately__________ lb/gal.
Water weighs approximately__________ lb/gal.
Induced draft is produced by pulling air through the boiler furnace with a fan located in the ____________.
Induced draft is produced by pulling air through the boiler furnace with a fan located in the ____________.
A control loop uses a____________as the control element.
A control loop uses a____________as the control element.
Codes may require that a(n) __________be positioned before the firing-rate valve that controls the volume of gas to the burner.
Codes may require that a(n) __________be positioned before the firing-rate valve that controls the volume of gas to the burner.
What is the purpose of steam traps?
What is the purpose of steam traps?
What is the purpose of the steam strainer?
What is the purpose of the steam strainer?
Which valve cannot be used as a main steam valve? (Select one)
Which valve cannot be used as a main steam valve? (Select one)
What are the two types of steam traps?
What are the two types of steam traps?
What are the four kinds of steam traps?
What are the four kinds of steam traps?
Name two tests for steam trap operation.
Name two tests for steam trap operation.
What does it mean when a pump is steam bound?
What does it mean when a pump is steam bound?
What is Water Hammer?
What is Water Hammer?
What is Start up load?
What is Start up load?
What is Priming?
What is Priming?
What is Foaming?
What is Foaming?
What is Bullheading a Tee?
What is Bullheading a Tee?
A line desuperheater is used in conjunction with a ___.
A line desuperheater is used in conjunction with a ___.
Some plants are equipped with a ___ instead of a blowdown tank.
Some plants are equipped with a ___ instead of a blowdown tank.
If steam has a quality of ___%, it is 98% vapor and contains 2% water.
If steam has a quality of ___%, it is 98% vapor and contains 2% water.
In a heat recovery system, the ___ regulates the flow of makeup water to the flash economizer.
In a heat recovery system, the ___ regulates the flow of makeup water to the flash economizer.
A 10 degree F rise in feedwater temperature produces approximately ___% savings in fuel.
A 10 degree F rise in feedwater temperature produces approximately ___% savings in fuel.
A throttling calorimeter is used to directly measure the ___
A throttling calorimeter is used to directly measure the ___
The flow of steam maintained through a superheater should never be less than ___% of boiler capacity.
The flow of steam maintained through a superheater should never be less than ___% of boiler capacity.
***When water is boiling, the water in the boiler and steam above it are at ___
***When water is boiling, the water in the boiler and steam above it are at ___
Water hammer is caused by ___ and can lead to a line rupture.
Water hammer is caused by ___ and can lead to a line rupture.
A steam trap usually has a ___ installed in the inlet line.
A steam trap usually has a ___ installed in the inlet line.
Steam turbines require ___ steam.
Steam turbines require ___ steam.
The air ejectors on the condenser of a steam turbine are used to remove air and other noncondensable gases from the ___
The air ejectors on the condenser of a steam turbine are used to remove air and other noncondensable gases from the ___
Boilers operating at ___ p.s.i or more are required to have 2 bottom blowdown valves mounted on the same blowdown line.
Boilers operating at ___ p.s.i or more are required to have 2 bottom blowdown valves mounted on the same blowdown line.
When ___ fills an inverted bucket trap, the bucket loses buoyancy and sinks to open the discharge valve.
When ___ fills an inverted bucket trap, the bucket loses buoyancy and sinks to open the discharge valve.
Failure to maintain steam flow will result in ___ superheater tubes.
Failure to maintain steam flow will result in ___ superheater tubes.
Water-tube boilers can be fitted with ___ to increase the heat content of the steam.
Water-tube boilers can be fitted with ___ to increase the heat content of the steam.
The bellows of a thermostatic steam trap are usually filled with an ___ and water solution to increase the sensitivity of the trap.
The bellows of a thermostatic steam trap are usually filled with an ___ and water solution to increase the sensitivity of the trap.
Although the condensate tank is vented, it is possible to have a pressure buildup caused by ___
Although the condensate tank is vented, it is possible to have a pressure buildup caused by ___
According to the ASME Code, if the MAWP exceeds___ p.s.i, the blowdown lines and the fittings must be composed of materials suitable for the temperature and pressures allowed.
According to the ASME Code, if the MAWP exceeds___ p.s.i, the blowdown lines and the fittings must be composed of materials suitable for the temperature and pressures allowed.
A steam trap can be tested with an ___ to determine if it is working properly.
A steam trap can be tested with an ___ to determine if it is working properly.
In large steam boiler plants, a ___ is necessary to provide the extra capacity required to handle changing loads and peak flows of condensate.
In large steam boiler plants, a ___ is necessary to provide the extra capacity required to handle changing loads and peak flows of condensate.
A ___ steam trap is a steam trap that has a single movable disc that rises to allow the discharge of air and cool condensate.
A ___ steam trap is a steam trap that has a single movable disc that rises to allow the discharge of air and cool condensate.
Some ___ moisture separators automatically open and close because they use a wax that expands and contracts with temperature changes.
Some ___ moisture separators automatically open and close because they use a wax that expands and contracts with temperature changes.
The raw makeup water system generally has a float chamber located at the ___ water level in a surge tank.
The raw makeup water system generally has a float chamber located at the ___ water level in a surge tank.
Transfer pumps are used to transfer the mixture of ___ from a surge tank to the deaerator or directly to the boiler feedwater pumps.
Transfer pumps are used to transfer the mixture of ___ from a surge tank to the deaerator or directly to the boiler feedwater pumps.
A makeup control valve is used to ___
A makeup control valve is used to ___
The _____ is the water level designated as being the proper water level for safe boiler operation.
The _____ is the water level designated as being the proper water level for safe boiler operation.
The purpose of a feedwater regulator is to........___
The purpose of a feedwater regulator is to........___
Feedwater regulators control the feedwater pump to maintain the water level.......___
Feedwater regulators control the feedwater pump to maintain the water level.......___
The sequence of 3 numbers found on the nameplate mounted on a reciprocating feed-water pump refers to........___
The sequence of 3 numbers found on the nameplate mounted on a reciprocating feed-water pump refers to........___
___ are usually used to create the draft needed to overcome the resistance caused by economizer tubes.
___ are usually used to create the draft needed to overcome the resistance caused by economizer tubes.
An economizer uses the heat energy from the gases of combustion leaving the boiler to heat the............
An economizer uses the heat energy from the gases of combustion leaving the boiler to heat the............
Turbine feedwater pumps are____.
Turbine feedwater pumps are____.
A turbine feedwater pump must be equipped with a ___ on the discharge line to protect the pump from excessive pressure.
A turbine feedwater pump must be equipped with a ___ on the discharge line to protect the pump from excessive pressure.
Water that is too hot in the open feedwater heater can cause ___
Water that is too hot in the open feedwater heater can cause ___
Water temperatures that are too low in the open feedwater heater will cause ___
Water temperatures that are too low in the open feedwater heater will cause ___
The ___ of a centrifugal feedwater pump is the rotating element that imparts centrifugal force to the liquid.
The ___ of a centrifugal feedwater pump is the rotating element that imparts centrifugal force to the liquid.
Plant efficiency is increased when a ___ uses steam that is bled or extracted from a steam turbine.
Plant efficiency is increased when a ___ uses steam that is bled or extracted from a steam turbine.
If only one low-water fuel cutoff is used, it must have a ___
If only one low-water fuel cutoff is used, it must have a ___
One way to increase the efficiency of a plant is to ___
One way to increase the efficiency of a plant is to ___
A ___ is a boiler fitting that reduces the turbulence of boiler water to make it easier to measure the water level.
A ___ is a boiler fitting that reduces the turbulence of boiler water to make it easier to measure the water level.
The piping that connects a water column to the boiler must be a minimum of ___ and must meet the ASME Code requirements for pressure and temperature.
The piping that connects a water column to the boiler must be a minimum of ___ and must meet the ASME Code requirements for pressure and temperature.
___ is the process where the water level in a boiler momentarily rises with an increase in steam demand.
___ is the process where the water level in a boiler momentarily rises with an increase in steam demand.
___ feedwater regulators are found on package fire-tube or watertube boilers where feedwater pumps run either intermittently or consistently.
___ feedwater regulators are found on package fire-tube or watertube boilers where feedwater pumps run either intermittently or consistently.
A 3-element feedwater regulator measures the steam flow from the boiler.....the ___ into the boiler, and the water level.
A 3-element feedwater regulator measures the steam flow from the boiler.....the ___ into the boiler, and the water level.
After blowing down a thermohydraulic feedwater regulator, approximately 60 minutes should be allowed for the regulator to ___ before being returned to service.
After blowing down a thermohydraulic feedwater regulator, approximately 60 minutes should be allowed for the regulator to ___ before being returned to service.
A ___ is used in applications where there are varying flows of condensate and additional condensate storage capacity is required.
A ___ is used in applications where there are varying flows of condensate and additional condensate storage capacity is required.
The ___ pump uses the shape of its casing to direct the discharge.
The ___ pump uses the shape of its casing to direct the discharge.
Some boiler rooms use ___ pumps for reserve or back-up units in the event of an electrical power failure.
Some boiler rooms use ___ pumps for reserve or back-up units in the event of an electrical power failure.
An ___ feedwater heater allows steam and feedwater to mix with each other at atmospheric pressure to raise the temperature of the water.
An ___ feedwater heater allows steam and feedwater to mix with each other at atmospheric pressure to raise the temperature of the water.
Boiler water is treated to prevent ___
Boiler water is treated to prevent ___
Hardness is a measure of scale-forming ___ dissolved in water.
Hardness is a measure of scale-forming ___ dissolved in water.
Boiler water having high alkalinity could develop ___
Boiler water having high alkalinity could develop ___
Deposits of calcium and magnesium carbonates on the boiler surface cause ___
Deposits of calcium and magnesium carbonates on the boiler surface cause ___
Pitting and channeling of boiler metal in the water are caused by ___
Pitting and channeling of boiler metal in the water are caused by ___
Chemicals added to the boiler water change the scale-forming salts into a ___
Chemicals added to the boiler water change the scale-forming salts into a ___
___ is small water particles and impurities carried out of the boiler into the steam lines.
___ is small water particles and impurities carried out of the boiler into the steam lines.
Surface tension on the water in a steam drum is increased by ___
Surface tension on the water in a steam drum is increased by ___
A direct cause of overheating of the boiler tubes is ___
A direct cause of overheating of the boiler tubes is ___
Priming is dangerous and can lead to ___
Priming is dangerous and can lead to ___
Scale buildup on the water side of a steam boiler is caused by ___
Scale buildup on the water side of a steam boiler is caused by ___
Trace amounts of dissolved oxygen in the boiler water are removed by ___
Trace amounts of dissolved oxygen in the boiler water are removed by ___
The required frequency for blowing down a steam boiler is best determined by ___
The required frequency for blowing down a steam boiler is best determined by ___
Study Notes
Steam Generation and Feedwater
- A boiler generating 20,000 lb/hr of steam requires an equal amount of feedwater, 20,000 lb/hr.
- One pound of water produces 1 lb of steam; this efficiency is critical for operation.
Deaeration and Draft
- Oxygen and noncondensable gases from feedwater exit through the vent of the deaerator.
- Natural draft results from temperature differences between air and combustion gases, promoting efficient operation.
Control Systems and Instrumentation
- Control systems integrate instruments and controllers to maintain process accuracy.
- A control loop acts as the strategic framework that includes a steam pressure controller to execute control strategies.
Fuel and Combustion Management
- Superheaters enhance steam quality by increasing heat energy, essential for turbine operations.
- Duplex strainers in fuel oil systems allow one strainer to be serviced while the other remains operational.
Steam and Condensate Management
- Steam traps serve multiple functions: trapping steam, venting air, and removing condensate to maintain efficient heating.
- Water hammer, caused by high-velocity steam interacting with pockets of water, is detrimental to piping systems.
Boiler Components and Functionality
- Superheated steam, crucial for turbines, contains more heat energy than saturated steam at equal pressure.
- Water columns in boilers must be connected with 1-inch piping adhering to ASME code.
Maintaining Water Quality
- Boiler water treatment prevents scale formation, pitting, and caustic embrittlement, all detrimental to boiler longevity.
- Priming refers to water particles being carried into steam lines, leading to water hammer.
Regulation and Safety
- Feedwater regulators maintain boiler water levels at the Normal Operating Water Level (N.O.W.L) for safety.
- In high-stress environments (>100 psi), boiler systems must feature multiple blowdown valves to manage pressure effectively.
Efficiency Enhancement
- Introducing a 10°F rise in feedwater temperature can yield approximately 1% fuel savings, highlighting the importance of temperature management.
- Heat recovery systems increase overall plant efficiency by utilizing steam extracted from turbines.
Maintenance and Operation
- Regular boiler water analysis guides the frequency of blowdowns necessary to maintain water quality.
- A surge tank is vital in large steam systems to handle variable condensate flows and additional storage needs.
Understanding Boiler Dynamics
- The behavior of steam and water within a boiler affects overall performance, with the quality of steam directly impacting system effectiveness.
- Boiler water treated properly can prevent scaling and impurities, ensuring a long-lasting and efficient operating system.
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Description
This quiz covers key concepts of steam generation, feedwater management, and control systems used in boiler operations. It emphasizes the importance of efficiency in steam production and the role of instrumentation in maintaining process accuracy. Test your knowledge on topics like deaeration, combustion management, and steam quality enhancement.
