Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of conducting a sample from a population?
What is the primary purpose of conducting a sample from a population?
- To include every individual in the study
- To ensure convenient data collection
- To eliminate any selection bias
- To represent the entire population accurately (correct)
Which sampling method involves dividing the population into strata before sampling?
Which sampling method involves dividing the population into strata before sampling?
- Stratified random sampling (correct)
- Quota sampling
- Systematic sampling
- Simple random sampling
What can result from using a convenience sampling method?
What can result from using a convenience sampling method?
- Increased generalizability of results
- A sample that is biased (correct)
- A highly representative sample
- Lower sampling costs
Which of the following statements regarding probability sampling is true?
Which of the following statements regarding probability sampling is true?
What might happen if a sampling method leads to selection bias?
What might happen if a sampling method leads to selection bias?
In which sampling method is every kth element selected?
In which sampling method is every kth element selected?
How does increasing the sample size affect the representativeness of the sample?
How does increasing the sample size affect the representativeness of the sample?
Which of the following describes a limitation of simple random sampling?
Which of the following describes a limitation of simple random sampling?
What is the most accurate definition of the term 'population' in research?
What is the most accurate definition of the term 'population' in research?
What is one of the main challenges when conducting surveys in high schools regarding student attitudes towards searches?
What is one of the main challenges when conducting surveys in high schools regarding student attitudes towards searches?
What is the key characteristic of proportionate random sampling?
What is the key characteristic of proportionate random sampling?
Which sampling technique is best used with large populations when sampling at a group level?
Which sampling technique is best used with large populations when sampling at a group level?
What is one major disadvantage of convenience sampling?
What is one major disadvantage of convenience sampling?
In multistage sampling, what is the first step?
In multistage sampling, what is the first step?
Which type of sampling uses referrals from initial participants to gather more subjects?
Which type of sampling uses referrals from initial participants to gather more subjects?
What is a potential advantage of nonprobability sampling methods?
What is a potential advantage of nonprobability sampling methods?
What distinguishes quota sampling from stratified sampling?
What distinguishes quota sampling from stratified sampling?
What could be a consequence of using convenience sampling?
What could be a consequence of using convenience sampling?
What does cluster sampling facilitate in research methodology?
What does cluster sampling facilitate in research methodology?
What is the main objective of using probability sampling methods?
What is the main objective of using probability sampling methods?
Study Notes
Population and Samples
- Populations are the entire set of individuals that a study is interested in.
- Samples are a subset of individuals selected from a population.
- Samples are intended to represent the population.
- Not everyone in a population can participate in a study, therefore samples are used.
Generalisation
- Generalization applies results from a sample to a population.
- The accuracy of generalisation depends on how representative the sample is.
- Selection bias occurs when a sampling method leads to a biased sample.
Sampling Methods
- There are two main types of sampling methods: probability and nonprobability sampling.
Probability Sampling
- In probability sampling the probability of any individual being selected is known.
- This is possible when the population is known, and a sampling frame is established.
- While probability sampling is random, the sample may not be representative.
- Larger sample sizes increase the likelihood that the sample resembles the population.
Simple Random Sampling
- Every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected.
- Simple random sampling reduces systematic bias.
- This method does not guarantee a representative sample.
- Simple random sampling can be difficult, time consuming, and even impossible.
Systematic Sampling
- Every kth member of the population is selected.
Stratified Random Sampling
- The population is divided into strata (groups).
- A random sample is drawn from each stratum.
- This method increases the chances of a representative sample but may underrepresent or overrepresent some strata.
Proportionate Random Sampling
- The proportions of different groups in the population are reflected in the sample strata.
- This method increases the chance that the sample is representative.
Cluster Sampling
- This method is used with large populations.
- Sampling is done at the group level instead of the individual level.
- Groups are randomly sampled.
Multistage Sampling
- Groups are identified and randomly sampled.
- Individuals from within the selected groups are then randomly sampled.
- Multiple stages may be needed.
Nonprobability Sampling
- The probability of any individual being selected is unknown.
Convenience Sampling
- Participants are selected because they are readily available.
- This method is used when time and money are limited and may be the only possible method.
- It is difficult to determine if, and how, the sample is biased.
Snowball Sampling
- Participants are asked to refer others.
Quota Sampling
- A nonrandom method that resembles stratified sampling, but without random sampling.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Explore the foundations of population and samples in statistics with this quiz. Understand the key concepts of generalization and discover different sampling methods, including probability and nonprobability sampling. Enhance your comprehension of how these methods impact research results.
