Statistics: Sample Size, Normality, Experimental vs Non-Experimental Research
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Questions and Answers

In experimental research, which variable is manipulated by the experimenter?

  • Extraneous variable
  • Nuisance variable
  • Dependent variable
  • Independent variable (correct)

What is the purpose of conducting Shapiro-Wilk test for normality?

  • To determine the sample size adequacy
  • To control for extraneous variables
  • To test causal relationships
  • To check the distribution of a small sample (correct)

Which type of sampling method involves selecting individuals who are nearby and willing to participate?

  • Stratified sampling
  • Convenience sampling (correct)
  • Systematic sampling
  • Random sampling

What is the purpose of operational definition in research?

<p>To clearly define how a variable will be measured or manipulated (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of measures of central tendency in a distribution of scores?

<p>To summarize or represent the center of the data (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In experimental research, how are means and standard deviations typically used?

<p>To compare differences between groups with manipulated independent variables (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which error occurs when researchers fail to identify a real effect in the population due to setting the significance threshold too low?

<p>Type II error (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an essential difference in data analysis between experimental and non-experimental research?

<p>Experimental research compares differences between groups with manipulated independent variables (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the correlation coefficient describe?

<p>The strength and direction of the relationship between two variables (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of inferential statistics?

<p>To determine if research findings are statistically significant (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a Type I error?

<p>A false positive conclusion due to random chance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do scientists avoid using the term 'prove' when discussing theories?

<p>To prevent making Type I errors in their conclusions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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