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Sample Size Calculations

Created by

@AwestruckAlmandine1452

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Questions and Answers

Which one of the following best describes a minimum sample size?

The number of people needed to ensure a clinically important effect

The maximum number of people needed to conduct a study

The number of measurements needed to answer research questions

The smallest number of people needed to declare an effect statistically significant (correct)

What does power represent in sample size calculations?

The probability of making a type 2 error

The probability of making a type 1 error

The probability of declaring an effect statistically significant when it is true (correct)

The probability of detecting a real difference in the study

Why is a formal sample size calculation important in research proposals?

To determine the power and significance level of the study

To justify the proposed study size and answer the research questions

To ensure ethical principles are followed in the study

To prevent wasted resources and unethical issues (correct)

What is the relationship between power and type 2 error?

Power is equal to 1 minus the probability of making a type 2 error Signup and view all the answers

What are the usual values for power in sample size calculations?

0.8 or 0.9 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the concept of power in sample size calculations?

The probability of declaring an effect statistically significant when it is true Signup and view all the answers

Why is a formal sample size calculation important in research proposals?

To justify the proposed study size Signup and view all the answers

What is a minimum sample size?

The minimum number of people needed to declare clinically important effects Signup and view all the answers

What are the usual values for power in sample size calculations?

0.8 or 0.9 Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between power and type 2 error?

Power is the complement of type 2 error Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Sample Size Calculations

A minimum sample size is the smallest number of participants required to produce reliable and accurate results in a study.

Power in Sample Size Calculations

Power represents the probability of detecting a statistically significant effect when it is present in a study.
The usual values for power in sample size calculations are 0.8 or 0.9, which means an 80% or 90% chance of detecting a statistically significant effect.
Power is inversely related to type 2 error, which means that as power increases, type 2 error decreases, and vice versa.

Importance of Formal Sample Size Calculation

A formal sample size calculation is important in research proposals to ensure that the study is adequately powered to detect a statistically significant effect.
It helps to determine the required sample size, which in turn affects the feasibility, cost, and duration of the study.

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Description

Test your knowledge on sample size calculations with this quiz. Learn about the minimum sample size, power, and ethical principles involved in determining the number of participants needed for a study.