Statistics: Individuals and Variables

Objects described in a set of data. They can be people, animals, plants, or things.

Any characteristic that describes an individual. It can take different values for different individuals. Examples include age, gender, height, and blood pressure.

Data that represents a numerical quantity or measurement. Examples include age (in years), height (in centimeters), and weight (in kilograms).

Data that represents categories or labels. Examples include gender (male/female), blood type (A, B, AB, O), and hair color (brown, black, blonde).

A graph used to represent categorical data. Each category is represented by a bar, and the height of the bar indicates either the frequency or relative frequency of that category.

A graph that visually represents a set of data points. Each point is plotted on a number line based on its numerical value.

A graph used to visually represent a single quantitative variable, especially for large datasets. It uses bars to show the frequency or relative frequency of data within specific intervals.

A type of chart used to represent categorical data. It shows how a whole is broken down into parts, with each part (slice) representing a different category.

In a histogram, the classes are the equal-sized intervals on the horizontal axis that categorize the data values.

A histogram with a shape that resembles a bell; the most frequent data points are in the middle, and the frequency decreases as you move away from the center.

A histogram with a shape that resembles two bell curves, suggesting two distinct groups or trends in the data.

A histogram where the left and right sides are mirror images of each other. This implies that the data is evenly distributed around the center.

A histogram where one side of the distribution extends farther out than the other side.

A graph that displays data points collected over time, with the horizontal axis representing time and the vertical axis representing the variable of interest. Lines are often used to connect the data points, highlighting trends and cyclical variations.

Regular, recurring patterns in a time plot that repeat at consistent intervals. These patterns often occur due to seasonal factors or other predictable events.