Questions and Answers
What is typically thought of in terms of reproducibility and consistency?
What is Test-Retest Reliability?
A test administered to a sample and repeated at least one other time.
Define Inter-Rater Reliability.
Assessment of whether different raters give similar scores to the same subject on a test.
What does Intra-Rater Reliability assess?
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What is the General Concept of Reliability?
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What does Reliability Theory indicate about measurements?
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What is the True Score Component?
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Define Error Component.
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What is Random Error in measurement?
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What tools can be used to quantify reliability?
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What does the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient reflect?
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What equation is used for Intraclass Correlation Coefficient Calculation?
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Define Standard Error of Measurement (SEM).
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What is needed to construct a confidence interval about a test score?
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How does the degree of relative measurement error affect ICC?
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What is necessary to calculate the minimal detectable change?
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What does it indicate if ICC values are low?
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Study Notes
Reliability Concepts
- Reliability refers to the reproducibility and consistency of measurements.
- Test-Retest Reliability involves administering the same test to a sample at least twice to assess consistency over time.
- Inter-Rater Reliability evaluates the degree to which different raters provide similar scores for the same subject on a given test.
- Intra-Rater Reliability assesses the ability of the same rater to give consistent scores across multiple administrations of a test.
Measurement Error & Components
- Reliability quantifies measurement error, indicating the accuracy and precision of test scores.
- Reliability Theory emphasizes that all measurements contain errors, with observed scores comprising a true score and an error component.
- The True Score Component represents the average score from infinite trials, while the Error Component is the difference between the observed score and the true score.
Types of Error
- Random Error is unpredictable and typically averages to zero over time, with variations in scores that cancel each other out.
- Measurement tools to quantify reliability include repeated measures ANOVA to derive variance needed for reliability coefficients.
Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC)
- The ICC formula is calculated by taking the ratio of true score variance to total variance, yielding values from 0.0 (all error) to 1.0 (all true variance).
- The ICC can be estimated using between-subject variability and error terms from repeated measures ANOVA, serving as an index of true score variance.
- Models 1, 2, and 3 in ICC calculations vary based on how error components are treated, with Model 1 lumping them together and Models 2 and 3 separating them.
Evaluating ICC & Systematic Errors
- When assessing reliability, an increase in between-subject variability improves ICC values.
- Systematic errors can emerge, indicated by significant mean differences across trials, requiring further scrutiny during testing.
- Practitioners should account for systematic errors in interpretation, such as through practice sessions to mitigate these effects.
Standard Error of Measurement (SEM)
- SEM provides an absolute measure of reliability and indicates test precision.
- Two common SEM formulas exist, with the most prevalent reflecting the relationship with ICC.
- SEM estimation is insensitive to between-subject variability, focusing on measuring precision across trials.
- Practitioners can use SEM to construct confidence intervals around individual test scores, assessing boundaries of true scores.
Application in Practice
- SEM aids clinicians and coaches in determining the minimal detectable change post-intervention, allowing for assessment of performance improvements.
- Practitioners should consider a three-layered approach: utilizing repeated measures ANOVA for systematic error assessment, calculating ICC, and determining SEM to quantify measurement error comprehensively.
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Description
Test your knowledge of key terms in Chapter 13 of Statistics in Kinesiology. This flashcard set covers important concepts such as reliability, test-retest reliability, inter-rater reliability, and intra-rater reliability. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of statistical principles in kinesiology.