Statistics Chapter 2 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What type of graph has bars that are of uniform width and are evenly spaced with gaps between the bars?

  • Circle Graph
  • Bar Graph (correct)
  • Histogram
  • Pictograph

Which graph shows frequencies of data values in intervals of the same size?

  • Bar Graph
  • Frequency Table
  • Histogram (correct)
  • Dotplot

What is the formula used in a frequency histogram to express class frequency?

f/n

What type of graph uses proportional segments of a circle to represent total quantities?

<p>Circle Graph (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a Pareto Chart display?

<p>A bar graph ordered according to frequency from most frequent to least frequent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of graph uses pictures instead of solid bars?

<p>Pictograph (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Quantitative Data?

<p>Data expressed in numbers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) utilize to detect patterns in data?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines an Outlier in a dataset?

<p>A value much greater or much less than the others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a Frequency Table?

<p>To list the number of times each data value occurs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do Class Boundaries represent?

<p>Numbers used to separate classes without gaps.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can the Shape of Distribution be described?

<p>Normal, uniform, skewed right (positive), skewed left (negative), bimodal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does skewed distribution indicate?

<p>A distribution with its peak well to one side.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a relative frequency histogram?

<p>A histogram where the vertical scale measures relative frequencies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is relative frequency?

<p>The number of times an event occurs divided by the total number of trials.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a midpoint represent in data?

<p>Halfway point within the class interval.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an ogive?

<p>A line graph of a cumulative frequency or cumulative relative frequency distribution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Graphical Representations of Data

  • Bar Graph: Displays categorical data using uniform-width bars with gaps between them.
  • Histogram: Represents quantitative data with adjacent bars that show frequency distributions over intervals.
  • Frequency Histogram: Illustrates the ratio of class frequency to total frequency, useful for relative understanding of data distribution.
  • Circle Graph (Pie Chart): Divides total quantities into segments, each representing a part of the whole, typically used for qualitative data.
  • Time Plot: A graph that organizes data points sequentially over time, making trends easier to identify.
  • Pareto Chart: A specialized bar graph arranged from most to least frequent, highlighting the most significant factors in qualitative data.
  • Pictograph: Uses images or symbols to represent data quantities rather than traditional bars.

Data Organization Techniques

  • Stem-and-Leaf Display: Organized data display that retains original values, allowing for quick retrieval and analysis.
  • Dotplots: Graphs that represent individual data points on a single axis, suitable for both categorical and quantitative data.

Types of Data

  • Quantitative Data: Numerical values relevant to measurable quantities, such as times or distances.
  • Qualitative Data: Non-numeric characteristics, like color or type, important for categorical analysis.

Data Analysis Concepts

  • Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA): Utilizes various visual tools to identify data patterns and anomalies effectively.
  • Outlier: A data point significantly different from others, which may suggest variability or error.
  • Frequency Table: A structured list showing how often each data value appears within the dataset.
  • Class Boundaries: Values defining the edges separating classes in frequency distribution, ensuring no gaps exist.

Data Distribution Characteristics

  • Shape of Distribution: Describes data arrangement as normal, uniform, skewed (right or left), or bimodal, each indicating different statistical properties.
  • Skewed Distribution: Features a peak on one side, indicating asymmetry where data clusters more heavily on one end.
  • Relative Frequency Histogram: Similar to a regular frequency histogram but utilizes percentages to represent data relative to the whole instead of raw frequencies.

Additional Concepts

  • Relative Frequency: The ratio of occurrence for an event compared to total trials, providing insight into event significance.
  • Class Limit: Defines the highest and lowest bounds of a data class.
  • Midpoints: The average of the upper and lower limits of a class interval, facilitating midpoint calculation and class interval size determination.
  • Ogive: A line graph representing cumulative frequency or cumulative relative frequency, useful for understanding total distributions over intervals.

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Review essential terms and concepts from Chapter 2 of your Statistics course using these flashcards. Key terms like Bar Graph and Histogram are defined to enhance your understanding of data representation. Perfect for quick revision or study sessions.

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