Statistics Chapter 2 Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What type of graph has bars that are of uniform width and are evenly spaced with gaps between the bars?

Circle Graph

Bar Graph (correct)

Histogram

Pictograph

Which graph shows frequencies of data values in intervals of the same size?

Bar Graph

Frequency Table

Histogram (correct)

Dotplot

What is the formula used in a frequency histogram to express class frequency?

f/n

What type of graph uses proportional segments of a circle to represent total quantities?

Circle Graph Signup and view all the answers

What does a Pareto Chart display?

A bar graph ordered according to frequency from most frequent to least frequent. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of graph uses pictures instead of solid bars?

Pictograph Signup and view all the answers

What is Quantitative Data?

Data expressed in numbers Signup and view all the answers

What does Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) utilize to detect patterns in data?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What defines an Outlier in a dataset?

A value much greater or much less than the others. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a Frequency Table?

To list the number of times each data value occurs. Signup and view all the answers

What do Class Boundaries represent?

Numbers used to separate classes without gaps. Signup and view all the answers

How can the Shape of Distribution be described?

Normal, uniform, skewed right (positive), skewed left (negative), bimodal. Signup and view all the answers

What does skewed distribution indicate?

A distribution with its peak well to one side. Signup and view all the answers

What is a relative frequency histogram?

A histogram where the vertical scale measures relative frequencies. Signup and view all the answers

What is relative frequency?

The number of times an event occurs divided by the total number of trials. Signup and view all the answers

What does a midpoint represent in data?

Halfway point within the class interval. Signup and view all the answers

What is an ogive?

A line graph of a cumulative frequency or cumulative relative frequency distribution. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Graphical Representations of Data

Bar Graph: Displays categorical data using uniform-width bars with gaps between them.
Histogram: Represents quantitative data with adjacent bars that show frequency distributions over intervals.
Frequency Histogram: Illustrates the ratio of class frequency to total frequency, useful for relative understanding of data distribution.
Circle Graph (Pie Chart): Divides total quantities into segments, each representing a part of the whole, typically used for qualitative data.
Time Plot: A graph that organizes data points sequentially over time, making trends easier to identify.
Pareto Chart: A specialized bar graph arranged from most to least frequent, highlighting the most significant factors in qualitative data.
Pictograph: Uses images or symbols to represent data quantities rather than traditional bars.

Data Organization Techniques

Stem-and-Leaf Display: Organized data display that retains original values, allowing for quick retrieval and analysis.
Dotplots: Graphs that represent individual data points on a single axis, suitable for both categorical and quantitative data.

Types of Data

Quantitative Data: Numerical values relevant to measurable quantities, such as times or distances.
Qualitative Data: Non-numeric characteristics, like color or type, important for categorical analysis.

Data Analysis Concepts

Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA): Utilizes various visual tools to identify data patterns and anomalies effectively.
Outlier: A data point significantly different from others, which may suggest variability or error.
Frequency Table: A structured list showing how often each data value appears within the dataset.
Class Boundaries: Values defining the edges separating classes in frequency distribution, ensuring no gaps exist.

Data Distribution Characteristics

Shape of Distribution: Describes data arrangement as normal, uniform, skewed (right or left), or bimodal, each indicating different statistical properties.
Skewed Distribution: Features a peak on one side, indicating asymmetry where data clusters more heavily on one end.
Relative Frequency Histogram: Similar to a regular frequency histogram but utilizes percentages to represent data relative to the whole instead of raw frequencies.

Additional Concepts

Relative Frequency: The ratio of occurrence for an event compared to total trials, providing insight into event significance.
Class Limit: Defines the highest and lowest bounds of a data class.
Midpoints: The average of the upper and lower limits of a class interval, facilitating midpoint calculation and class interval size determination.
Ogive: A line graph representing cumulative frequency or cumulative relative frequency, useful for understanding total distributions over intervals.

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Description

Review essential terms and concepts from Chapter 2 of your Statistics course using these flashcards. Key terms like Bar Graph and Histogram are defined to enhance your understanding of data representation. Perfect for quick revision or study sessions.