Statistics Basics Overview

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Questions and Answers

What distinguishes primary data from secondary data?

  • Primary data is always more reliable than secondary data.
  • Secondary data is collected in organized experiments.
  • Secondary data is collected through personal interviews.
  • Primary data is collected by an investigator for the first time. (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a source of statistical data?

  • Publications
  • Private conversations (correct)
  • Sample surveys and censuses
  • Administrative activity records

Which method involves face-to-face conversation to collect information?

  • Sample survey
  • Administrative data collection
  • Interview method (correct)
  • Internet sources

What is a characteristic of secondary data?

<p>It has been collected for a purpose different from the current analysis. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which source of data is considered most reliable in Nigeria?

<p>Administrative sources (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which method is a representative fraction of the population inspected?

<p>Sample technique (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following would NOT be considered an organized experiment?

<p>Spontaneous observations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a common administrative activity that generates data?

<p>Interpersonal communication (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines statistical data?

<p>A set of numerical information about a certain individual or object needed for analysis. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is true about primary data?

<p>It is collected specifically for the first time by an investigator. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does a sample survey differ from a census?

<p>A sample survey examines only a selected part of the population. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of secondary data?

<p>Data published from previously conducted studies. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered an organized method of data collection?

<p>Conducting a structured experiment. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which source of data is least likely to provide reliability?

<p>Qualitative observations gathered informally. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using administrative activity records as a data source?

<p>They are a by-product of regular administrative operations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What setting does the interview method primarily require?

<p>A direct conversation between interviewer and respondent. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Primary Data

Data collected firsthand for a specific research project.

Secondary Data

Data already collected and processed by others.

Data Collection - Experiment

Gathering data through planned experiments.

Statistical Data Definition

Numerical information about individuals or objects used for analysis.

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Data Collection - Sample Survey

Gathering data from a representative part of a population.

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Data Collection - Interview Method

Gathering information through conversation.

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Data Collection - Administrative Records

Using existing records, for example, births, deaths, hospital data.

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Data Collection - Publications

Gathering data from books, journals, or available resources.

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What are primary data?

Data collected directly by the researcher for the first time, like conducting a survey or experiment.

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What is statistics?

Statistics is the science focused on collecting, analyzing, and interpreting numerical data to understand patterns and trends.

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What distinguishes secondary data?

Data previously collected and processed by someone else, often publicly available in reports or publications.

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How does sampling work?

Instead of studying the entire population, a representative sample is chosen to make inferences about the larger group.

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How are experiments used for data?

Researchers plan experiments to manipulate variables and observe the effects, creating original data.

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What are some examples of published data?

Information sourced from books, journals, articles, or other published materials, providing existing analyses or findings.

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What are administrative records?

Data gathered as part of routine operations, such as birth certificates, hospital records, or official reports.

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How do interviews collect data?

Researchers directly ask questions to individuals, either face-to-face or over the phone, to gather their perspectives.

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Study Notes

Statistics

  • Statistics is the science of dealing with the organization, analysis, and interpretation of statistical data.
  • Data refers to a set of information about certain individuals or objects needed to carry out research or tasks.
  • Statistical data is a set of numerical information about certain individuals or objects needed for statistical analysis.

Types of Data

  • Primary Data: Data originally collected by an agency or investigator for the first time for analysis.
  • Secondary Data: Data that has already been collected and processed by others, and used by another person or agency for their statistical work.

Sources of Data

  • Organized Experiment: Data collected through experiments or by specialists who publish their findings.
  • Individual Research: Data collected by researchers for scientific or fact-finding investigations.
  • Sample Surveys and Censuses: Involves inspecting a representative fraction of a population to draw conclusions about the entire population.

Data Collection Methods

  • Administrative Records: Data collected as a byproduct of routine administrative activities (birth records, hospital reports, etc.)
  • Publications: Data collected from published sources like books, journals, and literature.
  • Internet: Data gathered from online sources.
  • Statistical Bulletins: Data collected from government or other statistical publications.
  • Federal/National Offices of Statistics: Data obtained from government agencies responsible for statistics.
  • Interviews: Data collection method involving direct interaction between an interviewer and respondent.
  • Telephone Interviews: Interviews conducted using a telephone.
  • Questionnaire: A set of prepared questions mailed for responses.
  • Observation: Data collected by directly observing events as they happen.

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